{"id":8794,"date":"2020-11-10T01:51:16","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T22:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=8794"},"modified":"2024-01-23T23:15:40","modified_gmt":"2024-01-23T20:15:40","slug":"uygarlik-harikasi-uygur-karizlari-arastirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=8794","title":{"rendered":"Uygarl\u0131k Harikas\u0131 Uygur Kar\u0131zlar\u0131-Suyla Gelen Medeniyet (Ara\u015ft\u0131rma)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n 99 haline tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden, belgeselci ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar Dursun \u00d6zden; son olarak \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ve Sinciang-Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gezi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve belgesel \u00e7ekimleri  kapsam\u0131nda; Orta Asya\u2019da, birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve kolektif bir kamu iradesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan; t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada, Orta Asya ve Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda 6 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r hala ya\u015fat\u0131lan Uygur Su Medeniyetini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, belgeledi ve yazd\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fars\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck olan Kar\u0131z: Kar izi, yer alt\u0131 su yolu, la\u011fam, kehriz, keriz, ganat, uyun, hattarat, aflaj, fla\u015f, galeri ve t\u00fcnel anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Zaman\u0131m\u0131zdan 6 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Orta Asya\u2019da, Uygur T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ve Bir Uygarl\u0131k Harikas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan, Turfan havzas\u0131ndaki Kar\u0131z yer alt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131 sistemini ve Antik Yarnaz Kentini inceleyen \u00d6zden, Uygar Asya ve T\u00fcrk tarihine bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu. Ata yurdu Asya\u2019dan, Ana vatan Anadolu\u2019ya uzanan ve t\u00fcm anakaralar\u0131 kapsayan T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p Turfan havzas\u0131na uzanan, Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 110 metre alt\u0131nda ve toplam 5100 kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki Kar\u0131zlar, yer alt\u0131ndaki \u00c7in Seddi olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in\u2019deki ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck teknoloji harikas\u0131 olarak vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en eski uygarl\u0131k miraslar\u0131ndan biri olan Kar\u0131zlar; Bat\u0131 merkezli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n ve tarih\u00e7ilerin, Asya K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fczerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 standart ve stratejik yalanlar\u0131n\u0131, sapt\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcresel tezlerini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu bulgular T\u00fcrklerin; kara k\u0131l \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayan, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe, \u00e7oban, cengaver, barbar, cahil, geri ve ilkel topluluklar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Aksine, daha Bat\u0131da Atina, Isparta ve Roma Kent devletleri yokken, Uygur T\u00fcrklerinin; yerle\u015fik kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde, \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerindeki ticarette, sanatta ve ziraat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta ileri deneyimlere sahip olduklar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Rus, \u00c7in, Uygur, T\u00fcrk ve baz\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n son d\u00f6nem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonunda; Asya halklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Bat\u0131dan daha eski ve k\u00f6kl\u00fc uygarl\u0131klara sahip olduklar\u0131, k\u00f6kl\u00fc ve s\u00fcrekli devlet gelene\u011fi, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ordu ve kolektif irade ile Kar\u0131z ger\u00e7e\u011finde somutlanan birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6z\u00fcmsedikleri belgeleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7in-Uygur\/Sinciang B\u00f6lgesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ran, Irak, Afganistan, T\u00fcrkmenistan, Kazakistan, Azerbaycan, \u00dcrd\u00fcn, Umman, Suriye, Yemen, Suudi Arabistan, Cezayir, Orta ve Do\u011fu Avrupa, \u0130spanya, Latin Amerika, Kuzey Amerika ve Anadolu (Van, Hasankeyf, Urfa, Kemaliye, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane, Bayburt, Tarsus, Ni\u011fde, Konya, Karaman, Mersin, Adana, Osmaniye, Erzurum, Amasya, Tokat, Malatya, Antalya, Mu\u011fla, Ayd\u0131n, Denizli, \u0130zmir, Bergama, \u00c7anakkale, Edirne, Tekirda\u011f, \u0130stanbul ve Kocaeli) de Kar\u0131z-Keriz-Kehriz-Kerhiz bulunmaktad\u0131r. (Anadolu Kar\u0131zlar\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski (M\u00d6:11000) su medeniyeti oldu\u011funu da belgeledik. (Urfa G\u00f6beklitepe\u2019de.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sinciang-Uygur \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti topraklar\u0131nda bulunan Turfan, Kumul, Hami ve Toksun b\u00f6lgelerindeki tarihi Kar\u0131z yer alt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131 hala \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Taklamakan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ortas\u0131ndaki bu ye\u015fil havzalara Kar\u0131z su kanallar\u0131 ya\u015fam veriyor. Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r s\u00fcren ileri ziraat uygulamas\u0131, yerle\u015fik ya\u015fam kayna\u011f\u0131. Kar\u0131zlar\u0131n yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f ve bu g\u00fcne geli\u015fi ise, bir teknoloji harikas\u0131. \u00d6zellikle o d\u00f6nemin ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, kazma tekni\u011fi ve yer alt\u0131nda y\u00f6n bulma y\u00f6ntemleri, bu i\u015fin gizemini ve uygarl\u0131k harikas\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fini vurguluyor. Kar\u0131z sular\u0131n\u0131n getirilmesi, payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131, bir \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisini, bir kolektif ya\u015fam k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturuyor. Arap harfleriyle yazan ve Uygur T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle anla\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Kar\u0131zc\u0131lar, modern camilerde ibadet yap\u0131yor ve kendi Ata gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Uygurlar, Kazaklar, Dangxianglar, K\u0131rg\u0131zlar, Salurlar, Tuvalar, Altayl\u0131lar, Salalar, Tatarlar, \u00d6zbekler, Xibolar, Ruslar ve \u00c7inliler; M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, Budist, H\u0131ristiyan ve \u00f6teki inanca mensup kom\u015fular\u0131yla g\u00fcl gibi ge\u00e7iniyorlar. B\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm halklar d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, bayram, \u00f6l\u00fcm, hasat, \u00fcretim ve ya\u015fam\u0131n her alan\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indeler. B\u00f6lgede en k\u00f6kl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcre sahip olan Uygur T\u00fcrkleri, 13 milyon n\u00fcfusu ile birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131n mayas\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011finde. Uygurlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck ve deyimlerin \u00e7o\u011fu Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi olup, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Kar\u0131zc\u0131 Uygurlar, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 do\u011fdu\u011funda isimlerini sonuna g\u00fcl eki koyuyorlar. Badeg\u00fcl, Arzug\u00fcl, Ay\u015feg\u00fcl\u2026 gibi. Erkek \u00e7ocuklara ise can eki konuyor. Tursuncan, Mehmetcan, Alican\u2026 gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uygurlar, haftal\u0131k i\u015f ve dost toplant\u0131lar\u0131na cem diyorlar. Cem sonras\u0131, sokak ve caddelerde kurulan a\u00e7\u0131k hava lokantalar\u0131ndaki sazl\u0131-s\u00f6zl\u00fc e\u011flence toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda Ejderha dans\u0131, \u015eaman dans\u0131 yap\u0131yor ve Semah d\u00f6n\u00fcyorlar. Anadolu\u2019daki Bekta\u015fi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kayna\u011f\u0131, Orta Asya m\u0131? Ayr\u0131ca, Bayburt ve G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane Kar\u0131z-Kehrizlerini inceleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130talyan gezgin Marco Polo, Uygur Kar\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce olduk\u00e7a etkilenmi\u015fti. Uygurlar\u0131n y\u0131llard\u0131r yedikleri hamurdan ince ip \u015feklinde kesilerek yap\u0131lan eri\u015fteden esinlenip, \u00fclkesine d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0130talyanlar\u0131n me\u015fhur spagetti makarna yeme\u011finin kayna\u011f\u0131 da buras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Asya\u2019n\u0131n merkezi de burada. Uygur-Sinciang B\u00f6lgesindeki Yunfin\u015fan kasabas\u0131nda bulunan bir yerin, Asya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafi merkezi oldu\u011fu ve (x,y,z) koordinatlar\u0131n\u0131n (0) oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Burada, T\u00fcrkiye ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm Asya \u00fclkelerinin an\u0131t\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, L\u00fcbnan\u2019da bulunan L\u00fct G\u00f6l\u00fcnden sonra, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en derin kara par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ve \u00c7inin en b\u00fcy\u00fck tuz gereksinimini kar\u015f\u0131layan Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k G\u00f6l \u2013 Ay G\u00f6l\u00fc-Ate\u015f G\u00f6l\u00fc (-154 m) \u00e7evresinde, A\u011fustos ortalar\u0131nda (+83) s\u0131cakl\u0131k olmaktad\u0131r. Bir yar\u0131maday\u0131 and\u0131ran Antik Yarnaz Kenti ise, M\u00d6 460\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, Turfan havzas\u0131nda ve \u0130pek Yolu \u00fczerinde, mimari dokusu ve kentsel ya\u015fam \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zg\u00fcn olup, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara kaynak te\u015fkil etmektedir. Turfan\u2019da bulunan S\u00fcleyman \u015eah ve Tursun Han Medresesi g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer tarihi g\u00fczellikte olup, Turfan\u2019n\u0131n kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Kar\u0131z Cenneti M\u00fczesi; \u00fcz\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131, dut a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, sebze ve meyvelerin aras\u0131nda tam bir cennet g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geleneksel giysileri i\u00e7inde ho\u015f ho\u015f g\u00fclen Kar\u0131zc\u0131 Uygur g\u00fczeli badem g\u00f6zl\u00fc Badeg\u00fcl\u00fcn elinden so\u011fuk \u00fcz\u00fcm suyu, Kazak T\u00fcrklerinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Altay Da\u011f\u0131\u2019nda beslenen atlar\u0131n s\u00fct\u00fcnden yap\u0131lan k\u0131m\u0131z ya da kar\u0131z \u015farab\u0131 i\u00e7mek, unutulmayan bir nostaljiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u2026 Ad\u0131 Ankaracan olan 7 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Son Kar\u0131zc\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hediyelik e\u015fyalardan da almay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bir yanda, 5565 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki karla kapl\u0131 Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131, di\u011fer yanda +48 derecede ve \u00e7\u00f6l ko\u015fullar\u0131nda Kar\u0131z sular\u0131yla erken-turfanda (Turfan ad\u0131 buradan gelmektedir) beslenen sebze ve meyvelerin dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, besin de\u011feri, mineral zenginli\u011fi, bereketi ve insanlara bir ya\u015fam sunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Kullan\u0131lan Kar\u0131zlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1950\u2019de 1800 iken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 600\u2019e kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6lgede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda, her y\u0131l 23 Kar\u0131z kanal\u0131n\u0131n yok oldu\u011funu vurgulayan uzmanlar ve \u00fcreticiler endi\u015felerini dile getirdi. Giderek yok olan Kar\u0131zlar\u0131 kurtarma ve ya\u015fatma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00c7in Merkezi H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Turfan Kar\u0131z Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne 8 milyon dolarl\u0131k bir \u00f6denek g\u00f6ndermi\u015f. Olduk\u00e7a yetersiz. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 olan Kar\u0131zlar\u0131n kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, UNESCO\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 D\u00fcnya Miras \u015eehirleri Organizasyonu (OWHC) ve Avrasya Miras \u015eehirleri Koordinat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devreye girmeli ve Turfan B\u00f6lgesi Kar\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 Kurtarma Projelerine destek olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmaz ise, 25 y\u0131l sonra Turfan Kar\u0131zlar\u0131 tarihe g\u00f6m\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6te yandan, 1991\u2019de ba\u015flay\u0131p 2000\u2019de sonu\u00e7lanan ve bilim adamlar\u0131ndan \u00c7inli T\u00fcrkolog Prof. Dr. Zhang Dingjing, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 David Levis Wiliams, Dr. Gafur Tolmb\u00f6k, arkeolog Jean Paul Roux ve baz\u0131 Rus antropologlar\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 neticesinde; Orta Asya\u2019da uygarl\u0131k yaratan T\u00fcrklerin tarihi ve zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ya\u015fam\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki yeni ba\u015fka belgeler de bulundu. Tanr\u0131 Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda, K\u0131rg\u0131zistan topraklar\u0131nda bulunan Tarkana Vadisi\u2019ndeki Saymal\u0131ta\u015f kaya resimleri bunlardan biri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deniz seviyesinden 3500 metre y\u00fckseklikte, M\u00d6 4000\u2019de \u015eaman (Kam) T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belgelenen kaya resimleri, insanl\u0131k tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutuyor. Bu resimlerde; \u015eaman inanc\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcn fig\u00fcrler, \u00e7ift geyik taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen tekerlekli araba, B\u00fcy\u00fck Ay\u0131 Tak\u0131m Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131, Kam dans\u0131 yapan \u015eifac\u0131 \u015eaman Ana, G\u00f6k Tanr\u0131 Umay\u2019a yakaran kuyruklu insanlar, y\u0131lan ba\u015fl\u0131 gamal\u0131 ha\u00e7, \u00e7e\u015fitli hayvan fig\u00fcrleri, cinsel \u00f6\u011feler, uzay haritas\u0131, avc\u0131l\u0131k, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131mla u\u011fra\u015fan insanlar ve ba\u015fka y\u00fczlerce resimden olu\u015fan desenler, bu d\u00f6neme \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmaktad\u0131r. Bu kaynak bulgular; Pekin, \u015eian, Urum\u00e7i, Turfan, Hami, Ka\u015fgar, Semerkant, Almat\u0131, Bi\u015fkek, A\u015fkabat, Altay, K\u0131z\u0131l, Kazan, Ufa, Yakutsky, Bak\u00fc, Arizona, Meksiko, Santiago, Lima m\u00fczelerinde sergilenen tarihi bulgular\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; \u00c7in Uygarl\u0131k Tarihi, Manas Destan\u0131, Orhun Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131, Dede Korkut Kitabesi ve G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Tarihi gibi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kaynaklardaki bilgi ve belgelerle \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. K\u00f6k\u00fc binlerce y\u0131l eskilere dayanan ve tarihi zengin miras\u0131m\u0131z olan T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc do\u011fru alg\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bulunan yeni su medeniyeti belgeleri ile Asya ve T\u00fcrklerin tarihi yeniden yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131 merkezli kaynaklardan beslenen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kendi \u00f6zlerine d\u00f6nmeli ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 olan tarihi bulgularla, ge\u00e7mi\u015fi nesnel be do\u011fru yorumlamal\u0131 ve de gelece\u011fe sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kolektif miraslar b\u0131rakmal\u0131d\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok kaynak; bat\u0131k k\u0131ta Atlantis (Mu)\u2019nun izini s\u00fcrmek, insanl\u0131k tarihinin yeniden yaz\u0131lmas\u0131na kaynak olacak bulgu ve belgeleri adres g\u00f6stermektedir. Ya\u015fam kayna\u011f\u0131m\u0131z suyun kullan\u0131m bilinci ile donanmal\u0131y\u0131z. Gelece\u011fimizi tehdit eden suyun stratejik \u00f6nemini kavramal\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130nsan eliyle yarat\u0131lan \u00e7evre felaketleri, ekolojik denge bozuklu\u011fu, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 l\u00fcks ve doyumsuz t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi olumsuz gidi\u015fat, su k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemini an\u0131msat\u0131yor. \u0130nsano\u011flu binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce su ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yurt tutmu\u015f. Suyun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlere de \u00e7ok uzaklardan, yerin alt\u0131ndan ve \u00fcst\u00fcnden kanallar, kemerler ve kar\u0131zlarla tar\u0131m ve ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131na su getirmi\u015fler. Nesillerini ve ya\u015famsal k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini bu g\u00fcne kadar ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flar. Uygur Kar\u0131zlar\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011finden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi; nice uygarl\u0131klara kaynak olan tarihi su yap\u0131lar\u0131, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte oldu\u011fu gibi gelecekte de alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. T\u00fcm bu olumsuz ko\u015fullarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yerin alt\u0131nda, kar\u0131z su kanallar sistemindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Turfan Kar\u0131z Cenneti bereketinde, su gibi aziz olman\u0131n tam zaman\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n