Sosyoloji co\u011frafyas\u0131nda, benzer ve ortak yanlar\u0131 olan pek \u00e7ok kent ve yerle\u015fim alanlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu benzerlikleri, kentin turizm ve g\u00f6rsel co\u011frafi dokusunda oldu\u011fu kadar; folklorik, sosyolojik, tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alt yap\u0131s\u0131nda da \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fen ortak paydalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek olanakl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tadan \u00fc\u00e7 ortak paydas\u0131 bulunan \u00fc\u00e7 kentin \u00f6zelliklerini ve bu kentlerin ad\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ve mitolojik kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 eri\u015febildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu kentler: Asya k\u0131tas\u0131nda yer alan ve Sibirya\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131 olan Rusya Federasyonu-Tataristan \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti ve i\u00e7inden Volga-\u0130dil Nehri akan Kazan<\/strong>, Avrupa\u2019da Bulgaristan\u2019n\u0131n Tuna Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Rus\u00e7uk <\/strong>ve Afrika\u2019da Sudan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti ve i\u00e7inden Nil Nehri akan Hartum<\/strong>. \u015eimdi bu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tadan \u00fc\u00e7 kenti birlikte gezelim… Her \u00fc\u00e7 nehir \u00e7evresindeki vah\u015fi kentle\u015fme, yo\u011fun ya\u015fam alan\u0131, tar\u0131msal ve sanayi at\u0131klar\u0131 ile birlikte yo\u011fun deniz ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi nedeniyle, kaynaklar\u0131ndan d\u00f6k\u00fcld\u00fckleri denizlere dek \u00e7evre kirliliklerine de neden oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlenmektedir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 nehrin \u00e7evresine verdi\u011fi ya\u015fam standard\u0131 ve ekonomik g\u00fcc\u00fcde dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir. Her \u015feye kar\u015f\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir turizm potansiyeli ve stratejik \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan bu \u00fc\u00e7 nehir ve \u00e7evresindeki ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 mutlaka g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gerekli yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u00e7inden su akan, \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131tada \u00fc\u00e7 kent tan\u0131t\u0131m yaz\u0131m\u0131zla okurlar\u0131m\u0131 selaml\u0131yorum, yeniden\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEN VOLGA-\u0130D\u0130L AKAN KAZAN (Tataristan-Rusya)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130dil ya da Volga Nehri; (<\/strong>Rus\u00e7a<\/strong><\/a>: \u0412\u043e\u043b\u0433\u0430, <\/strong>Tatarca<\/strong><\/a>: \u0130del, \u018ftil, <\/strong>\u00c7uva\u015f\u00e7a<\/strong><\/a>: At\u0103l) <\/strong>Avrupa<\/strong><\/a>‘n\u0131n en uzun nehridir. Rus\u00e7a Volga ad\u0131 Fince k\u00f6kenli “valkea” beyaz demektir, Balt\u0131k dillerinde Valg\u00f5 denir.<\/strong>Anlam\u0131 ak sular, beyaz nehir. Uzunlu\u011fu yakla\u015f\u0131k 3500 km olan \u0130dil, <\/strong>Moskova<\/strong><\/a> ile <\/strong>Sankt-Peterburg<\/strong><\/a> aras\u0131ndaki Valday tepelerinden do\u011far. Deniz seviyesinden 28 metre a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da olan <\/strong>Hazar Denizi<\/strong><\/a>‘ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Valday tepelerinde bulunan bir\u00e7ok g\u00f6l ve batakl\u0131klardan gelen kaynak kollar\u0131n\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle meydana gelen \u0130dil, <\/strong>Rjev<\/strong><\/a>‘den itibaren ula\u015f\u0131ma elveri\u015fli bir halde akar. <\/strong>Moskova Kanal\u0131<\/strong><\/a>‘yla birle\u015fti\u011fi yerden sonra geni\u015fli\u011fi 230 metre’yi bulur. Bundan sonra nehirde d\u00fczenli bir ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flan\u0131r. Kama ve Oka Nehirlerinin Kazan yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan \u0130dil Bolkar Kasabas\u0131 yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda birle\u015fmesi ile \u0130D\u0130L-VALGA NEHR\u0130 ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve Astrahan \u015fehri deltas\u0131ndan Hazar Denizi\u2019ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u0130dil\u2019in Yata\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde be\u015f adet <\/strong>baraj<\/strong><\/a> bulunur. Bu barajlardan <\/strong>Volgograd Baraj G\u00f6l\u00fc<\/strong><\/a>‘ndeki santral, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n belli ba\u015fl\u0131 <\/strong>hidroelektrik<\/strong><\/a> tesislerinden biridir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bundan sonra <\/strong>Don Nehri<\/strong><\/a>‘ne 72 kilometre yakla\u015f\u0131r ve iki nehir aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan bir kanal vas\u0131tas\u0131yla <\/strong>Azak<\/strong><\/a> ve <\/strong>Hazar denizleri<\/strong><\/a> aras\u0131nda ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flan\u0131r. Hazar Denizi’ne 50 km kala 200’den fazla kola ayr\u0131larak \u0130dil Deltas\u0131 meydana gelir. Bu <\/strong>deltan\u0131n<\/strong><\/a> geni\u015fli\u011fi 100 km’den fazlad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130dil Havzas\u0131<\/strong><\/a>, 1.360.000 km\u00b2’lik bir alan\u0131 kaplar. Ayn\u0131 zamanda <\/strong>Rusya<\/strong><\/a>‘n\u0131n n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu havzada ya\u015far. B\u00f6lge ula\u015f\u0131ma elveri\u015flidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130dil, <\/strong>k\u0131\u015f\u0131n<\/strong><\/a> \u00fc\u00e7 ay\u0131nda donar. Bu zaman zarf\u0131nda da nehirden karayolu olarak faydalan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130dil’in k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Rusya’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli limanlar\u0131 ve ticaret merkezleri yer almaktad\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlileri <\/strong>Nijniy Novgorod<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kalinin<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kazan<\/strong><\/a>, <\/strong>Kuybi\u015fev<\/strong><\/a> ve <\/strong>Volgograd<\/strong><\/a> (Eski ad\u0131yla <\/strong>Stalingrad<\/strong><\/a>)’d\u0131r. Orta\u00e7a\u011f’dan beri bir ticaret yolu olan \u0130dil, bug\u00fcn hala \u00f6nemli bir ula\u015f\u0131m yoludur. Avrupa <\/strong>Hun<\/strong><\/a> \u0130mparatoru <\/strong>Attila<\/strong><\/a>‘n\u0131n ismi \u0130dil’den gelmektedir (Attila = \u018ftilli, \u0130dilli).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Her \u015fehrin bir \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc var<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 550 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van denilen Rus \u00c7ar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Kazan kentini yakmas\u0131 ve bu kentte ya\u015fayan \u00e7o\u011fu Tatar ve \u0130dil Bulgar T\u00fcrk\u00fcn\u00fc yok etmesini ele\u015ftiren bir tiyatro yazan b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk \u015eairi Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in \u201c\u0130van \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Var m\u0131yd\u0131, Yok muydu\u201d <\/em>adl\u0131 eseri, 1953\u2019de Moskova Devlet Tiyatrosu oyuncular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan oynanm\u0131\u015f ve Stalin\u2019in emri ile ertesi g\u00fcn yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019in \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tepki g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi, Kazan\u2019da hala anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcm Rusya topraklar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi giderek n\u00fcfusu azalan ve bu g\u00fcn 4 milyon n\u00fcfusu ile halk\u0131n\u0131n % 60\u2019\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk olan Tataristan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kazan \u015fehrinin 2005\u2019de, 1000\u2019inci kurulu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131 (Milenyum\u2019u) co\u015fkuyla kutland\u0131. Bininci y\u0131l (Milenyum) kutlamalar\u0131nda, folklorik ve t\u00fcm k\u00fclt\u00fcrel duru\u015flar\u0131yla burada ya\u015fayan Tatar T\u00fcrkleri ve burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan 4 bin civar\u0131ndaki T\u00fcrkiye T\u00fcrklerinin ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 co\u015fkulu bir bayram havas\u0131nda ge\u00e7mesi, Ata yurdu bu topraklardaki soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zla olan dayan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131za g\u00fc\u00e7 katmaktad\u0131r…. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 1992\u2019de Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra, Rusya Federasyonu i\u00e7inde \u00d6zerk Tataristan Cumhuriyeti olan \u00fclkenin ba\u015fkenti Kazan\u2019\u0131n yeniden in\u015faas\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk Y\u00fcklenici-M\u00fcteahhit firmalar\u0131n\u0131n r\u00f6l\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle, \u00d6zg\u00fcr \u015fair ve T\u00fcrk mimar heykeli, modern camiler, 18 ya\u015f\u0131nda daha Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencisi iken, ilk boykot eylemini ba\u015flatan Lenin ad\u0131na var olan \u00dcniversite ve Tatar yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn damak tad\u0131, bereketli sevze ve meyve bah\u00e7eleri, \u0130dil-Bulgar Kasabas\u0131ndaki sizin Kazan kentine gelmeniz ve \u0130dil-Volga Nehri \u00fczerinde sandal sefas\u0131 yapman\u0131z i\u00e7in, pek \u00e7ok neden bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kazan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok kentini yeniden imar eden ve Kazan merkezini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131, modern mimari projeleriyle, Milenyum (2000)\u2019a haz\u0131rlayan baz\u0131 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n T\u00fcrk yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lardan olan, Kazan\u2019daki ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve belgesel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ma destek olan gen\u00e7 i\u015f adamlar\u0131m\u0131zdan, aslen Pendik-Kurna K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden olan giri\u015fimci Metin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m,<\/strong> \u0130dil-Volga Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki yemekli bir sohbetimizde, ilgin\u00e7 bir tesbitinden \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6z etmi\u015fti: \u201cKazan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Rusya-Sibirya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda; Stalin\u2019in aksine, Leninizm ve Kemalizm y\u00fckselen de\u011fer olarak ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrk dilinin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn her ko\u015fulda, \u00f6d\u00fcns\u00fcz savunucusu Naz\u0131m Hikmet\u2019e olan sevgi ise \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Rus okullar\u0131nda hala Orhan Veli \u015fiirleri okutulmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 \u00f6zentisi gen\u00e7 nesil ise, bu kapsam\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r\u2026\u201d <\/em>Son 20 y\u0131ld\u0131r T\u00fcrk i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgede yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devlet binalar\u0131, toplu konutlar, cami, i\u015fyeri, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve spor kompleksleri, resmi ve \u00f6zel binalar, l\u00fcks al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f merkezleri, otel ve e\u011flence yerleri, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve ya\u015fan\u0131labilir l\u00fcks villalar ile; Kazan kentini, geleneksel ile modern dokuyu bulu\u015fturan, \u00f6zellik ve g\u00fczelliklere kavu\u015fturuyor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bundan bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Orta Asya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Tatar T\u00fcrk boyu; k\u0131y\u0131dan k\u0131y\u0131ya geni\u015fli\u011fi 8 kilometreyi ge\u00e7en Volga nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan 13\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bulgar kasabas\u0131na yerle\u015fen \u0130dil Bulgar T\u00fcrklerinin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kasaba, binlerce y\u0131l s\u00fcren her t\u00fcr bask\u0131 ve asimilasyon politikalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ve \u0130slami \u00f6zelliklerini yitirmediler… \u0130dil Bulgar kasabas\u0131nda bulunan tarihi yerle\u015fim, hamam, cami ve medrese avlusuna yap\u0131lan kilisenin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, halkalar\u0131n t\u00fcm farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir simgesi olarak duruyor… Kazan\u2019da bulunan camiler, \u00f6zg\u00fcn mimari dokusu olan dev yap\u0131lar ve \u00f6teki T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izleri, Volga k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bir uygarl\u0131k harikas\u0131 olarak y\u00fckseliyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yemeklerinden d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve bayramlar\u0131na, giysilerinden danslar\u0131na… Geleneksel k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinde \u00e7ekirdek aile ve \u00f6teki toplumsal de\u011ferlerini koruyan ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yap\u0131lanmalar\u0131yla da dikkati \u00e7eken Kazan Tatar T\u00fcrkleri, \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan, disiplinli, konuksever, gelenek\u00e7i ve biraz da inat olarak tan\u0131nmaktalar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan bask\u0131lar sonucu bu topraklar\u0131 terk edip Anadolu\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7 eden Tatar T\u00fcrkleri, bu g\u00fcn Konya\u2019n\u0131n Cihanbeyli il\u00e7esi ve Eski\u015fehir\u2019de ya\u015famaktalar… Uzun aral\u0131klardan sonra bu iki akraba topluluk, birbirleriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cKazan\u201d ad\u0131 nereden geliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kazan \u015fehrinin en ilgin\u00e7 mimari yap\u0131s\u0131, \u015fehrin simgesi olan ve bir kazana benzeyen S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike Kulesi\u2019dir. XVII. yy.\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Kulelerle ilgili pek \u00e7ok efsane vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birinde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde e\u015fine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fczellikte olan dul S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike Hatun\u2019u duyan Rus kasab\u0131 olarak bilinen Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n ona kendisiyle evlenerek Moskova \u00c7ari\u00e7esi olmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin bu teklifi reddetmesi \u00fczerine Ruslar Kazan\u2019a sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bir katliam \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike, bir \u015fartla Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019la evlenmeye raz\u0131 olur: D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hediyesi olarak bir hafta i\u00e7inde Kazan\u2019da bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn minarelerden daha y\u00fcksek bir kule yap\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gecesi verilen ziyafet esnas\u0131nda gelin, Moskova\u2019ya hareket etmeden \u00f6nce son defa do\u011fdu\u011fu \u015fehre yukar\u0131dan bakmak istedi. Son kata kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve\u2026 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011fluyla beraber a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131. Bunu g\u00f6ren Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van, bir kazana benzeyen Kazan kentini yakt\u0131… Yanan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00fczerine yeniden in\u015fa edilen Kazan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n buradan geldi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmekte ise de; asl\u0131nda bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce bu verimli topraklar\u0131 yurt edinen; yerle\u015fik k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ziraat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kta olduk\u00e7a ileri olan Kazan-Tatar T\u00fcrklerinin soy a\u011fac\u0131 ad\u0131ndan geldi\u011fi bilinmektedir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEN TUNA AKAN RUSCUK (Bulgaristan)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuna Nehri, Almanya’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde Kara Orman b\u00f6lgesinde Donaueschingen kasabas\u0131nda Brigach ve Breg nehirlerinin birle\u015fmesiyle meydana gelen nehir. Tuna nehri havzas\u0131, 801.463 km\u00b2 toplam alan\u0131yla \u0130dil Nehri’nden sonra Avrupa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci nehir havzas\u0131d\u0131r. Uzunlu\u011fu 2850 kilometre ve yakla\u015f\u0131k geni\u015fli\u011fi 1 kilometre olan Tuna Nehri, Rus\u00e7uk\u2019ta Ruse Port liman\u0131 ile Romanya\u2019n\u0131n Podul Prietenie kenti aras\u0131nda ter alan tarihi Giurgiu-Ruse ya da Tuna K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn taam ortas\u0131nda iki \u00fclkenin g\u00fcmr\u00fck kap\u0131s\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer k\u00f6pr\u00fcler \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu gibi bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00fczerindeki korkulularda da renkli binlerce kilit as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Dilek simgesi olan bu kilitlere turistler b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi duymaktad\u0131r. 10 \u00fclkeyi katederek Romanya-Bulgaristan ve Romanya-Ukrayna aras\u0131nda \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 da olan Tuna Nehri, Karadeniz’e d\u00f6k\u00fclmektedir. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ende dolana dolana akan ve Rus\u00e7uk\u2019tan ge\u00e7ip Karadeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclen Tuna, ikinci durak yerimiz… Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131n Tuna Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Russe-Rus\u00e7uk kentidir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bulgaristan’\u0131n kuzeyinde yer alan ve Romanya’ya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olan Rus\u00e7uk, 178 bin n\u00fcfusu ile bir sanayi kenti olmas\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir de, Tuna nehri \u00fczerinde kurulu, Romanya ile Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 ba\u011flayan tarihi \u00e7elik k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc (k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda bulunan g\u00fcmr\u00fck kap\u0131s\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda, iki \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r) ve Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla bilinmektedir. Rus\u00e7uk: Tuna k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve nehirden yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 metre y\u00fckseklikteki d\u00fczl\u00fckte kuruludur. Bulgaristan’\u0131n 5. b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehridir. G\u00fcneyinde, \u015eumnu yolu \u00fczerinde bir tepe mevcuttur. Tuna’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Yerk\u00f6y dedikleri Giurgiu ad\u0131ndaki bir \u015fehir vard\u0131r. Bu \u015fehir ile Rus\u00e7uk\u2019u birle\u015ftiren ve Giurgiu-Rousse aras\u0131nda \u201cFriendship Bridge\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bu k\u00f6pr\u00fc 2800 metre uzunlu\u011funda ve 30 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bulgarlar Ruse der. Haritalarda Rousse veya Russe diye gecer. Osmanl\u0131 \u00f6ncesi de T\u00fcrklerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tuna Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan bu verimli topraklar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu Rus\u00e7uk, Osmanl\u0131 Valisi olan ve Ziraat Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucusu Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019nin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (Mithat Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Tuna Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan evi, \u00f6zg\u00fcn mimari dokusuyla hala dikkati \u00e7ekmektedir) ve Elias Cenetti\u2019nin do\u011fdu\u011fu \u015fehirdir. T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrk mimari eserlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen Seyyid Mustafa Pa\u015fa Camisi\u2019de, Rus\u00e7uk\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Son Yeni\u00e7eri isyan\u0131nda cariyeleriyle birlikte yanarak can veren Alemdar Mustafa Pa\u015fa, II. Mahmut Devri sadrazamlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. 1750 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus\u00e7uk’ta do\u011fdu. Rus\u00e7uk Yeni\u00e7eri a\u011falar\u0131ndan Hasan A\u011fa’n\u0131n o\u011fludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1877 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 Tuna vilayetinin merkezi Rus\u00e7uk\u2019tur. 1291 Salnamesine g\u00f6re, vilayette toplam 2.044.578 ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n 1.052.128\u2019i M\u00fcsl\u00fcman, 992.450\u2019si ise Gayri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmdir. Yani M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar 60.000\u2019e yak\u0131n bir farkla \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu te\u015fkil etmektedirler. Vilayet Rus\u00e7uk, Vidin, Sofya, Trnovo, Tul\u00e7a ve Varna olmak \u00fczere alt\u0131 sancaktan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu alt\u0131 sancaktan Rus\u00e7uk, Sofya, Tul\u00e7a ve Varna\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Vidin ve Trnovo\u2019da ise, Gayri M\u00fcslimler \u00e7o\u011funluktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz seksenli y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrklere y\u00f6nelik bask\u0131lar, isim de\u011fi\u015ftirme, s\u00fcnnet, g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlama ve asimilasyon uygulamalar\u0131 sonucunda Anadolu\u2019ya toplu g\u00f6\u00e7ler olmu\u015ftur. Bu g\u00fcn hala az da olsa, Rus\u00e7uk\u2019ta ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrkler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00e7inden Tuna akan kent Rus\u00e7uk; sanayi, tar\u0131m ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 nehir ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131yla Karadeniz\u2019e ba\u011flayan liman kenti \u00f6zelli\u011finde olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7evresinde bulunan \u015eumnu, Deliorman, Filibe, Silistre ve Hoca Nasrettin gibi T\u00fcrklerin yo\u011fun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk-Alevi K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn de izleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir… Me\u015fhur Demir Baba Tekkesi de bu b\u00f6lgededir. \u00d6te yandan, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan hareket eden RORO feribotu, Karadeniz\u2019den sonra Tuna yoluyla Rus\u00e7uk ve \u00f6teki k\u0131y\u0131 \u015fehirlere konuk olmakta ve \u00f6nemli bir ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k hizmeti vermektedir…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Rus\u00e7uk (Russe) ad\u0131 ne anlama geliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Eflak-Bo\u011fdan Eyaleti\u2019ne ba\u011fl\u0131, Ortadoks Ruslar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaln\u0131zca Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya vergi \u00f6deyen yar\u0131 \u00f6zerk durumda olan halklar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kent Rus\u00e7uk\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi; bilindi\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede \u201ccuk, \u00e7uk, cik, c\u0131k\u201d ekleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. Rus\u00e7uk; Ruslar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00f6lge, yer, k\u00f6y, kasaba ve kent anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Rus\u00e7uk ad\u0131 da buradan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Rus\u00e7uk ve Russe ad\u0131yla ilgili ba\u015fka s\u00f6ylenceler ve efsanelerde var…<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEN N\u0130L AKAN HARTUM (Sudan)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nil Nehri, <\/strong>Etiyopya<\/strong><\/a>‘n\u0131n y\u00fcksek yerlerinden kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alan Mavi Nil, Hartum (<\/strong>Sudan<\/strong><\/a>)’da G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019dan gelen Beyaz Nil ile birle\u015ferek, <\/strong>M\u0131s\u0131r<\/strong><\/a>‘\u0131n do\u011fusunu kuzey-g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde katederek, <\/strong>Akdeniz<\/strong><\/a>‘e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Nehrin uzunlu\u011fu 6695 km\u2019dir. Nil Nehri, M\u0131s\u0131r i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok uzun bir mesafe kat etmesine ra\u011fmen, hemen hi\u00e7 bir kol almaz. Nil’in M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 1500 km uzunlu\u011funda ve ortalama 10 km geni\u015fli\u011finde saha boyunca tar\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131r. Asvan Baraj\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, Nil’in M\u0131s\u0131r’da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ta\u015fk\u0131nlar durdurulmu\u015ftur. Kuzeydo\u011fu Afrika\u2019da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir nehir. 6695 kilometrelik uzunlu\u011fu ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun, 3.200.000 km2 su alma alan\u0131 ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck nehridir. Nil\u2019in su alma havzas\u0131nda bir grup g\u00f6l bulunur. Bunlardan biri olan Victoria G\u00f6l\u00fc, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nil, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Beyaz Nil (esas kol) ve Mavi Nil olarak iki ana kol halinde do\u011far ve bu kollar Sudan ba\u015fkenti Hartum\u2019da birle\u015fir. Nil, <\/strong>d\u00fcnyan<\/strong><\/a>\u0131n en uzun nehri. 4.187 mil (6,695 km.) uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. <\/strong>Afrika<\/strong><\/a> K\u0131tas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini kaplar. G\u00fcneyden kuzeye do\u011fru\u2026 Kara Afrika K\u0131tas\u0131na can veren Nil Nehri \u00e7evresinde kurulan kentler, ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 ve tat\u0131ma elveri\u015fli bereketli topraklar yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; su tekneleriyle yap\u0131lan ula\u015f\u0131m ve turizm potansiyeli olarakta, kara k\u0131taya can vermektedir\u2026 Bir an\u0131msatma yapmak gere\u011fi duydum. Nil Nehri boyunca timsah, y\u0131lan, elmas ve alt\u0131n avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131nda var olan \u00c7e\u00e7e sine\u011fi \u0131s\u0131rmas\u0131 sonunda, \u00c7e\u00e7e Uyku Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve ba\u015fka hastal\u0131klara yakalanmamak i\u00e7in dikkatli olunuz ve hijyenik ko\u015fullar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131n\u0131z, yeme-i\u00e7mede ve yak\u0131n ili\u015fkilerinizde dikkatli olunuz\u2026 Askeri, stratejik \u00f6nemi olan resmi yerlerin foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmeyiniz. Kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n foto\u011fraf\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekerken, mutlaka izin al\u0131n\u0131z. Kabile dilllerini de bilen yerel rehberlele \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131z\u2026 Nil sevdas\u0131 \u00fczerine merak etti\u011finiz her \u015feyi ke\u015ffetmek ve belgelemek i\u00e7in, yeni ve \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n ser\u00fcvenlere haz\u0131r olunuz\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Hartum, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcme sahip olan \u00fclkesi Sudan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkentidir. 25 milyon kilometrekarelik y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc ve 35 milyon n\u00fcfusuyla gelece\u011fin petrol, alt\u0131n ve elmas zengini Sudan\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Hartum; geleneksel olarak yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 fuar ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkinliklerle de ad\u0131n\u0131 duyuruyor… Elbette bat\u0131n\u0131n kirli oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n sonucu burada s\u00fcren i\u00e7 sava\u015flar ve a\u00e7l\u0131ktan \u00f6len \u00e7ocuklar, bu \u00fclkenin olumsuz imaj\u0131 gibi yans\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun akarsular\u0131ndan biri olan Nil Nehri, Sudan, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde ve 9 Afrika \u00fclkesiyle kom\u015fudur. Nil Nehrinin sulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ya\u015fam verdi\u011fi u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en s\u0131cak \u00fclkelerinden biridir… 157 etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve dilin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu, insan ve ya\u015fam renklerinin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e girdi\u011fi bir co\u011frafya ve bir sosyolojik k\u00fclt\u00fcr mozayikidir Sudan. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hala s\u00fcnnet edildi\u011fi, \u00f6rt\u00fcnme k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olmayan ilkel kabilelerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir \u0130slam \u00fclkesi olan Sudan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Hartum ise, t\u00fcm bu zengin co\u011frafi ve toplumsal dokunun aynas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6zellikle Hartum yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Nil Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Omdurman kasabas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan zikir ve dans g\u00f6sterilerine kat\u0131lan rengarenk giysili, y\u00fczleri d\u00f6\u011fmeli, g\u00f6zleri s\u00fcrmeli olan farkl\u0131 dil konu\u015fan kabilelerin kad\u0131n-erkek birlikte yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplu zikir ve dans\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer\u2026 Danslar\u0131, zikirleri, h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve mutluluklar\u0131 ile \u00f6zg\u00fcn insan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131n izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan Hartum, kara Afrika\u2019y\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019e (Port Sudan k\u0131y\u0131 kentine)\u2019e ba\u011flayan \u00f6nemli bir stratejik yerde bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kara Afrika\u2019n\u0131n derinliklerinden akarak gelen Beyaz ve Mavi Nil, bir hortum gibi k\u0131vr\u0131l\u0131p dolanarak, Sudan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Hartum\u2019da birle\u015fir ve ana Nil Nehri\u2019ni olu\u015fturur. Kuzeyde ise, bir uygarl\u0131k harikas\u0131 olan tarihi Sudan Pramitlerini selamlay\u0131p; Nubye \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc ge\u00e7erek, M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a can verir. Ard\u0131ndan da Nil, pek \u00e7ok uygarl\u0131klara ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f Kahire ve \u0130skenderiye aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck deltay\u0131 sulad\u0131ktan sonra, M\u0131s\u0131r topraklar\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr…<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00e7inden su akan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kentimiz Hartum\u2019da, \u00f6teki kentlerde oldu\u011fu gibi Osmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerini g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn… K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019deki T\u00fcrk adas\u0131 Sevakin, Port Sudan\u2019daki sumak \u00fcreten T\u00fcrk k\u00f6yl\u00fcler, 3420 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011finde ve e\u015fsiz g\u00f6rsele sahip volkanik \u00e7\u00f6kelti ve \u015felalenin oldu\u011fu Jabel Marrah Da\u011f\u0131 yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda elma ve susam yeti\u015ftiren Karamanl\u0131 ve Ni\u011fdeli Sudanl\u0131lar, Rek\u015fa denilen \u00fc\u00e7 tekerlekli taksi s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc Hatayl\u0131 T\u00fcrkler, 1700\u2019lerden itibaren bir Osmanl\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131 olan ve 1820\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r Valisi Kavalal\u0131 Mehmet Ali Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya ters d\u00fc\u015fmesiyle birlikte, bu b\u00f6lgede g\u00f6revli komutan ve askerlerin \u00e7o\u011fu geri d\u00f6nmemi\u015ftir. Sudan\u2019da ve Hartum\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve buray\u0131 yurt edinen T\u00fcrklerin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemden kalanlard\u0131r. Bu kentte de cami, medrese, saray, konak ve tarihi dokular\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 izleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7at s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinde y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcren, yerle\u015fik ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kabileler aras\u0131ndaki i\u00e7 sava\u015f ile ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 hristiyan Sudanl\u0131 zencilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cuba b\u00f6lgesindeki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar birazda olsa durmu\u015fa benziyor. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan baz\u0131 ilkel kabilelerin konuklar\u0131na e\u015flerini ikram etme geleneki yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n s\u00fcnnet olmas\u0131 da bir ba\u015fka sorun olarak insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00fcndeminde yer almaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO)\u2019nun verilerine g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada 140 milyon s\u00fcnnetli kad\u0131n oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Mehdi T\u00fcrbesi, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu kap\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yan Port Sudan liman kenti ve o d\u00f6nemde K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bir uluslararas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Gemi Tersanesi olan Suak\u0131n antik kentinde Bennabi Bey\u2019in saray\u0131 ve 250 kilometre yar\u0131\u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn orta terinde, Ankara Y\u00fcksek \u0130htisas Hastanesi taraf\u0131ndan kurulan ve yaln\u0131zca kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuk hastalara hizmet veren, modern donan\u0131ml\u0131 T\u00fcrk Hastanesi bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131… Hartum\u2019da, T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc izlerine en ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6rmek te\u015fkil edecek durum ise, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz ba\u015fkent Hartum Valisi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere; Maliye, D\u0131\u015f Ticaret, Milli Ekonomi, D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri, Devlet Bakanlar\u0131 ve pek \u00e7ok B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ileri kendilerinin T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve bununla gurur duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zellikle vurguluyorlar… Sudan klasik \u015fiirinin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden olan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fair Tac\u00fcssir Hasan\u2019da, T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011funu dile getirmekte ve Yunus Emre\u2019den esinlendi\u011fini vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r… Kara Afrika\u2019y\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatan T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve giri\u015fimci \u00f6rnek yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla, t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve umudu olmaya devam ediyor…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki, Hartum ad\u0131 nereden geliyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kara Afrika\u2019n\u0131n derinliklerinden s\u00fcz\u00fcle s\u00fcz\u00fcle gelen Beyaz Nil ile Habe\u015f ve Etiyopya d\u00fczl\u00fcklerinden gelen Mavi Nil, bir hortum gibi k\u0131vr\u0131larak olu\u015fturdu\u011fu deltada en verimli topraklar\u0131 besleyip, tam da ba\u015fkentin orta yerinde birle\u015fir. Hala bu hortumu and\u0131ran Nil k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda eleklerle alt\u0131n arayanlar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte, 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda buraya gelen T\u00fcrkler, bir hortum gibi akarak bu kente can veren Nil Nehri\u2019nin kollar\u0131n\u0131n sar\u0131l\u0131p kavu\u015ftu\u011fu bu bereketli yere HARTUM ad\u0131n\u0131 koymu\u015flar\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdilerde Hartum\u2019un can verdi\u011fi topraklarda en \u00fcst d\u00fczey y\u00f6netici T\u00fcrkler bulunuyor. \u00dclke ticareti ve yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na T\u00fcrklerin de katk\u0131s\u0131 oluyor… K\u00f6le ticaretinin yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde gelip Antalya\u2019n\u0131n Manavgat yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Sar\u0131lar K\u00f6y\u00fcne yerle\u015fen Hartumlu zenciler ile Hartum yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Omdurman kasabas\u0131ndaki akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llar sonra g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri ise, bir ba\u015fka g\u00fczel. \u00d6zlerine ve k\u00f6klerine kavu\u015fman\u0131n mutlulu\u011fu, T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 Sudanl\u0131 karde\u015flerimiz ad\u0131na, ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve dostluklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha \u00e7ok dayan\u0131\u015fmaya gereksinim var…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kendini ulusuna ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa adam\u0131\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 gezginlerin ve bat\u0131 merkezli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp yazmayan, bilimin ve etik olan\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekleri ve nesnel olan\u0131 yazan tarih\u00e7iler ve \u00f6zellikle sosyologlar; somut olarak bize bulgu, belge, g\u00f6zlem ve insan kasnakl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 sonucu bilimsel, do\u011fru ve yans\u0131z toplum tarihi yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayret ediyorlar… B\u00f6lgemizde ve d\u00fcnyada oynanan kirli oyunlar ve sava\u015f t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131nda \u00e7izilen \u201cyeni b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc haritalar\u0131n\u201d \u00e7\u00f6pl\u00fc\u011fe at\u0131lmas\u0131, bir insanl\u0131k g\u00f6revi olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duruyor… \u0130nsanl\u0131k tarihi yeniden yaz\u0131lmal\u0131 m\u0131? Bu sonuca varmam\u0131z, herhalde abart\u0131 olmaz… Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar; kutsal ve yurtsever, bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l ve duygusal, k\u00f6ktendinci-tarikat\u00e7\u0131 ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131-kafatas\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlardan uzak, sevecen ve insanc\u0131l, evrensel ve ulusald\u0131r, haklar\u0131n\u0131-\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bilen ve \u00f6zverili-sorumlu, nesnel-diyalektik ve bilimseldir… G\u00f6kt\u00fcrk yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda Bilge Kaan\u2019\u0131n buyurdu\u011fu gibi: \u201cTitreyip kendi \u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcze d\u00f6nme zaman\u0131d\u0131r…\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tada, i\u00e7inden nehir akan \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehirde bir k\u0131sa gezinti yapt\u0131k. Elbette bunlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00c7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6rnekle t\u00fcm anakaralarda-k\u0131talarda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel izleri bulunan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 milyon T\u00fcrk\u00fc kucaklayan, k\u00f6k\u00fc 15 bin y\u0131l eskilere-tarihin derinliklerine dayanan, g\u00f6vdesi t\u00fcm anakaralar\u0131 kaplayan ve y\u00fcce birikimleri olan dev soy a\u011fac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n damarlar\u0131ndan beslenen T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong>; t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak mal\u0131d\u0131r… Cumhuriyetimizin kurucusu Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi: \u201cYurtta bar\u0131\u015f, d\u00fcnyada bar\u0131\u015f\u201d <\/em>belgisi \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sevgi ve insanc\u0131l de\u011ferlerle beslenen \u201cBirlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201dn\u00fcn mayas\u0131 ve tutkal\u0131d\u0131r… Ya\u015fam\u0131n tad\u0131d\u0131r… Bar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, adalettir, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckt\u00fcr, umuttur, sevgidir ve mutluluktur\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 99 haline tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettim. Gitti\u011fim t\u00fcm co\u011frafyalarda, ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc izlerine tan\u0131k oldum. Bu anlamda belle\u011fime kaz\u0131nan ve ya\u015fanabilir d\u00fcnya cenneti diye tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fimiz bu uygarl\u0131k harikas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehri tan\u0131man\u0131z\u0131 istedim. \u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tada, i\u00e7inden nehir akan \u00fc\u00e7 \u015fehri anlatan d\u0131\u015f gezi tan\u0131t\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcrecek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u00e7inden nehir akan ba\u015fka \u015fehirleri, ba\u015fka ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve uygarl\u0131k harikas\u0131 cennet co\u011frafyalarda bulu\u015fmak dile\u011fiyle, dostlukla\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Yolunuz ve baht\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131k oldun\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dursun \u00d6zden<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n www.dursunozden.com.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hayat\u0131 ke\u015ffetme merak\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcr\u00fcyor… \u00dc\u00e7 k\u0131tada; co\u011frafi, sosyal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve stratejik \u00f6nemi olan \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclkede ve \u00fc\u00e7 nehir \u00e7evresinde, su ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yurt tutan insanlar\u0131n; su kullan\u0131m bilincini ve birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn olumlu ve aksayan yanlar\u0131n\u0131 belgeledim. Bir modern gezgin merak\u0131 ve ke\u015ffetme ser\u00fcveni i\u00e7inde, yollarday\u0131m yine\u2026 Volga (\u0130dil) Nehri-Kazan (Tataristan-Rusya), Tuna Nehri-Rus\u00e7uk (Bulgaristan ve Nil …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66,65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7749"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7886,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7749\/revisions\/7886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hartum1-971x728.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/hartum3-971x728.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kazan-088-971x728.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ruse1a-1024x575.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kazan-094-971x728.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kazan1-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/kazan.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ruse3.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ruse4-971x728.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ruse1b.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ruse6-990x728.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/ruse14-1024x683.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n