{"id":7221,"date":"2020-01-04T02:20:31","date_gmt":"2020-01-03T23:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=7221"},"modified":"2023-02-02T22:05:03","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T19:05:03","slug":"kuba-uzak-degil-dis-gezi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=7221","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fcba Uzak De\u011fil-Cuba is not Far (D\u0131\u015f gezi)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>\u201cKendinize ba\u015fka \u00f6nder aramay\u0131n. Bizim ve d\u00fcnyadaki mazlum halklar\u0131n esin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2026\u201d <\/em>diyen; 25 Kas\u0131m 2016\u2019da 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda aram\u0131zdan ayr\u0131lan Fidel Castro\u2019nun vatan\u0131; \u2019Karayiplerin yoksul ve mutlu prensesi K\u00fcba\u2019ya; ilk kez 12 Aral\u0131k 1996\u2019da \u201cLatin Amerika Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u201d almak \u00fczere gittim. K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n efsanevi lideri olan ve \u00fclkenin hi\u00e7 bir yerinde heykeli ve b\u00fcst\u00fc olmayan Kumandan Fidel Castro\u2019nun konu\u011fu oldum. Onunla ayn\u0131 sofrada olman\u0131n; \u201cT\u00fcrkiye ve Atat\u00fcrk\u201d \u00fczerine \u00f6zel r\u00f6portaj yapman\u0131n heyecan\u0131n\u0131, mutlulu\u011funu ve dayan\u0131lmaz hafifli\u011fini ya\u015fad\u0131m. \u201cG\u00fcle G\u00fcle\u201d filmine konu olan ve dudak izine yaz\u0131lan sevdal\u0131 mektuplar\u0131n ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp, d\u00f6rt kez gittim, bir turizm ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr cenneti olan K\u00fcba\u2019ya\u2026 Fidel Castro\u2019nun cenaze t\u00f6renine kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere, son kez gitti\u011fim K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve turim kentlerinden Havana, Trinidat, Varadero, Santa Clara, Santiago de Cuba ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, adan\u0131n hemen her taraf\u0131n\u0131 gezdim ve K\u00fcba hakk\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 kitab\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131. Santa Clara Tepesi\u2019ndeki dev Che Guevara Heykeli ve M\u00fczesi ile Ba\u015fkent Havana\u2019daki Jose Marti Kulesi, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n adeta simgesi durumundad\u0131r. Havana 23. Caddede bulunan Don Ki\u015fot Heykeli ve Linea Caddesi\u2019ndeki 1. Atat\u00fcrk B\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan yeniden yapt\u0131r\u0131lan, Havana Antik Tiyatro Park\u0131\u2019nda yer alan 2. Atat\u00fcrk B\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc ziyaret eden K\u00fcbal\u0131lar; Atat\u00fcrk b\u00fcst\u00fcnde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan \u201cPatrio y Morte\u201d (Vatan ya da \u00d6l\u00fcm, Kemal Atat\u00fcrk) an\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde resim \u00e7ektirmek i\u00e7in s\u0131ra bekliyor. Eski Havana Mahallesinde bulunan Abdulvahap Camisi cemaat\u0131 ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m r\u00f6portaj sonras\u0131 izlenimlerim \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131yd\u0131. K\u00fcbal\u0131 \u015eair Jose Marti\u2019nin vatan\u0131 ve<strong> \u00dc\u00e7 \u201cD\u201d <\/strong>(Devrim-Dans-Deniz) <strong>\u00dclkesi K\u00fcba<\/strong>\u2019da samba ve salsa zaman\u0131, d\u00f6rt mevsim s\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Neden K\u00fcba?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ba\u015fkan Raul Castro Ruz, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n efsanevi lideri olan abisi Kumandan Fidel Castro\u2019nun yak\u0131n arkada\u015f\u0131 Ekvatorlu \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam Oswaldo Guyasamin ve K\u00fcba Devrimi\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Alberto Corda ile 1996\u2019da Havana\u2019da tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ve dost oldum. Ernest Hemingvay Bar duvar\u0131na imza att\u0131m, Linea Caddesi\u2019nde ve \u0130stanbul Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i\u2019ni an\u0131msatan koyda bulunan Old Habana Meydan\u0131\u2019ndaki ikinci Atat\u00fcrk B\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc selamlad\u0131m. \u201cG\u00fcle G\u00fcle\u201d filmine konu olan mektup arkada\u015f\u0131m sevgili Dory Fernandez ile \u00c7in Mahallesi\u2019nde Salsa dans\u0131 yapman\u0131n dayan\u0131lmaz hafifli\u011fini ya\u015fad\u0131m. Havana Devrim Meydan\u0131\u2019nda Jose Marti Plaza\u2019da \u015fiir yazd\u0131m ve Emek Kahraman\u0131 \u00f6d\u00fcl t\u00f6renine kat\u0131ld\u0131m. Santa Clara Tepesi\u2019nde ve Devrim Treni\u2019nde, Ernesto Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n 1967\u2019de Bolivya Lapez orman evinde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cKemal Atat\u00fcrk-Gran Discurso\u201d B\u00fcy\u00fck Nutuk kitab\u0131n\u0131 belgeledim. Havana\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Trinidat, Varedero, Guantanamo Liman\u0131, Santiago de Cuba, Santa Clara, Granma Gemisi, Sierra Maesra Da\u011flar\u0131, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 tarlalar\u0131-fabrikalar\u0131, dans, m\u00fczik ve e\u011flence dolu gece meydanlar\u0131, alt\u0131n kumsallar\u0131, ron ve puro keyfi, 54 model \u015eavrole k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 taksilerle ve deveye benzeyen Camelbus denen otob\u00fcslerle \u015fehir turu, sinema, tiyatro, sahaflar, eski al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f tezgahlar\u0131, Havana 23. Caddeyi s\u00fcsleyen Don Ki\u015fot heykeli ve adres ta\u015flar\u0131, Karl Marks Tiyatrosu, K\u00fcba Yazarlar ve Sanat\u00e7\u0131lar Birli\u011fi (UNEAC) Lokali, UNESCO korumas\u0131ndaki Trinidat antik evlerini, saymakla bitmeyecek ve her an yeni s\u00fcrprizlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcn ve vah\u015fi do\u011fal zenginlikler, siz maceraperest gezginleri ve ABD ambargosuna ve Kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisine direnen Sosyalizmin son kalesi K\u00fcba\u2019da ba\u015flayan liberal ekonomik d\u00fczen ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn turizm zenginlikleri sizleri bekliyor\u2026 &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcba \u2013T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda 8 saat zaman fark\u0131 var. U\u00e7akla 14 saat s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ama hi\u00e7 sorun de\u011fil\u2026 Karayiplerin yoksul ve mutlu prensesi, candan ve dost insanlar\u0131, dans ederken devrim \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen melez g\u00fczelleri, turizmin en cazip \u00e7ekici zenginli\u011fi sizi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor\u2026 K\u00fcba\u2019y\u0131 merak edenler ve K\u00fcbal\u0131 doktorlardan \u015fifa arayanlar i\u00e7in; K\u00fcba\u2019da sa\u011fl\u0131k turizminin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc profesyonel rehber <strong>Murat G\u00f6kyoku\u015f<\/strong>, https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/siempre.tour rehberli\u011finde unutamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir gezi yapman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. K\u00fcba\u2019ya tek gidin, kal\u0131c\u0131 dostluklarla d\u00f6n\u00fcn\u2026 Sonsuz ve zamans\u0131z evrende, yitik zaman \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve ate\u015fli al atlat yelesinde \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n, yeniden\u2026 Sevginizi sebil eylemenin tam zaman\u0131\u2026 \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; K\u00fcba uzak de\u011fil!<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/\"><br>\n<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>E\u011fer K\u00fcba\u2019ya gidecekseniz ilk i\u015f \u015funlar\u0131 yapmadan d\u00f6nmeyin:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211;Devrim \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde, Trinidat\u2019a mutlaka gidin ve meydanlarda Ron ve Daquiri i\u00e7in.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Havana\u2019da \u201cCasa De La Musica\u201dda canl\u0131 m\u00fczik e\u015fli\u011finde Salsa yap\u0131n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Pinar Del Rio ve Vineales\u2019e gidin, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Havana\u2019ya yak\u0131n ve g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken yerler var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Otelde de\u011fil, Casa Particularelerde kal\u0131n ve oralarda ya da Paladar denen ev lokantalar\u0131nda yemek yiyin, \u00f6zellikle de \u0131stakoz isteyin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 E\u011fer merakl\u0131ysan\u0131z bol bol puro i\u00e7in ve mutlaka yan\u0131n\u0131zda getirin, \u00e7ok g\u00fczel hediye oluyor sevdikleriniz i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;\u2013 Gitmeden K\u00fcba tarihi, Che, Castro ve \u201cJose Marti\u201d hakk\u0131nda kitap okuyun\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Havana\u2019da devrim m\u00fczesini gezin.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2013 Mutlaka g\u00fcncel bir gezi kitab\u0131yla gidin. Umar\u0131m bu k\u0131sa notlarla, K\u00fcba gezisi planlayanlara bir par\u00e7a olsun bir fikir vermi\u015fimdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Not:&nbsp;<\/strong>K\u00fcba\u2019ya gidecekler i\u00e7in \u201cLonely Planet\u201d kitaplar\u0131ndan \u201cK\u00fcba\u201d&nbsp; kitab\u0131n\u0131 ve Dursun \u00d6zden\u2019in Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cK\u00fcba Uzak De\u011fil\u201d ve Kategori Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan \u201cFidel\u2019in \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neririm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Alternatif turizm \u00fclkesi<\/strong><strong> K\u00fcba?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Cana yak\u0131n K\u00fcba halk\u0131,<\/li><li>D\u00f6rt mevsim s\u0131cak tropikal iklim,<\/li><li>D\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Habanos purolar\u0131, \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131, tropikal meyveler, ron ve e\u011flence yerleri sizi bekliyor,<\/li><li>Tarih, devrim, vatanseverlik ile dolu, ABD\u2019ye yar\u0131m as\u0131r\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n ba\u015fkald\u0131ran, asil bir halk ve herkesin merak etti\u011fi tropikal bir \u00fclke,<\/li><li>K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n her k\u00f6\u015fesinde hala canl\u0131 kalan ve K\u00fcba\u2019ya gelenlerde derin izler b\u0131rakan Che efsanesi,<\/li><li>Do\u011fal g\u00fczellikleri; sahiller, vadiler, nehirler, da\u011flar, ma\u011faralar, hayvanlar ve Biosfer Rezervi koruma alt\u0131ndaki ormanl\u0131k alanlar,<\/li><li>UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f 10 \u015fehir ve muhakkak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken&nbsp;Eski Havana ve Trinidat de Cuba,<\/li><li>Samba, Salsa m\u00fczi\u011fi ve di\u011fer yerel danslar,<\/li><li>K\u00fcba k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, m\u00fczi\u011fine ve \u0130spanyolcaya olan merak\u0131n\u0131z K\u00fcba\u2019da tam olarak ya\u015fayabilmeniz i\u00e7in, K\u00fcba\u2019ya gidilir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;K\u00fcba Seyahatine \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bilinmesi gerekenler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>K\u00fcba, T\u00fcrkiye saatine g\u00f6re 8 saat geridir.<\/li><li>Resmi ve konu\u015fulan dil \u0130spanyolcad\u0131r. \u0130ngilizce konu\u015fanda \u00e7oktur.<\/li><li>Y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131k 28 derecedir.<\/li><li>K\u00fcba g\u00fcn boyunca s\u0131cak oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yazl\u0131k k\u0131yafetler kullan\u0131l\u0131r, fakat baz\u0131 restoran ve mekanlara gece giderken, erkeklerin kot pantolon veya \u015fort d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kuma\u015f pantolon ve g\u00f6mlek, bayanlar\u0131n da \u015f\u0131k k\u0131yafetler giymeleri beklenir.<\/li><li>K\u00fcba\u2019da CADECA ad\u0131 verilen devlet taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletin d\u00f6viz b\u00fcrolar\u0131nda, Dolar ve EURO bozdurmak, otel resepsiyonundan daha avantajl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Amerikan Dolar\u0131 getirmeniz tavsiye edilmez, komisyonu \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir.<\/li><li>Euro\u2019dan Peso Convertible (veya CUC )\u2019e para bozdurman\u0131z gereklidir. 1 \u20ac =1.20\/30 CUC.<\/li><li>Turkcell veya AVEA hatt\u0131n\u0131zla T\u00fcrkiye ile konu\u015fabilirsiniz ama \u00e7ok pahal\u0131d\u0131r. (1dk&nbsp; = 7 TL civar\u0131d\u0131r).<\/li><li>Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezlerinde, restoranlarda ve otellerde VISA\/Master Kart ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/li><li>Kredi kart\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar\u0131nda y\u00fcksek komisyon bedellerinden dolay\u0131 kullanman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye etmemekteyiz. (% 12).<\/li><li>K\u00fcba\u2019dan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi sabit hatlardan aramak i\u00e7in 0090 alan kodu kullan\u0131lmal\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den Havana\u2019y\u0131 aramak i\u00e7in ise yerel aramalarda 00 537 alan kodu kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Havana\u2019daki havaliman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f vergisi olan 25 CUC bireysel olarak nakit \u00f6denmelidir. \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015fta g\u00f6stermeniz i\u00e7in boarding kart\u0131n\u0131za pul olarak yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li><li>Elektrik, 110 Volt olup, genelde otellerde 220 Volt mevcuttur.<\/li><li>Faturas\u0131z puro alman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye etmiyoruz. Ancak 2 kutu faturas\u0131z puro g\u00fcmr\u00fckten ge\u00e7er, fazlas\u0131na&nbsp; g\u00fcmr\u00fckte el koyabilirler.<\/li><li>Fatural\u0131 purolarda ise, Casa del Habano\u2019dan veya fabrika sat\u0131\u015f d\u00fckkanlar\u0131ndan ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131 2000 \u20ac\u2019ya kadar al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yapabilirsiniz. Y\u00fckl\u00fc miktarda puro alman\u0131z durumunda Havaalan\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karken, Faturay\u0131 yan\u0131n\u0131zda bulundurmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z, muhakkak kontrol edilecektir.<\/li><li>Yan\u0131n\u0131zda diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar getirmenize gerek yoktur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kalaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z otellerde bilgisayar ortam\u0131 ve internet mevcuttur. Yan\u0131n\u0131zda bulundurman\u0131z durumunda seyahatiniz s\u00fcresince bekleme ve aktarmalarda size gereksiz y\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.<\/li><li>K\u00fcba turizm yapmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenli bir \u00fclkedir, su\u00e7 oran\u0131 \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Yine de h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olaylar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar \u00e7ok ender g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr veya yoktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc K\u00fcba, D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) verilerine g\u00f6re; koruyucu hekimlikte birinci, HIV ve Kanser a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, pek \u00e7ok t\u0131p dal\u0131nda da \u00f6n s\u0131ralardad\u0131r. K\u00fcba vatanda\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri, e\u011fitimde oldu\u011fu gibi \u00fccretsizdir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bebek ve sedef a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131, K\u00fcba\u2019dan temin edilmektedir.<\/li><li>\u0130klim,&nbsp;\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 tropikal bir iklimi vard\u0131r. Y\u0131lda iki mevsim ya\u015fanan k\u0131sa k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinde, kuzeyden gelen so\u011fuk r\u00fczgarla serinler, fakat bu r\u00fczgarlar uzun s\u00fcreli de\u011fildirler ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k 20 derecenin alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Gece ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 sahillerde i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara oranla daha az de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterirler. \u00dclkenin do\u011fusu, bat\u0131s\u0131na k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, daha s\u0131cak bir iklim sergilemektedir.<\/li><li>Endemik bitki ve hayvanlar vatan\u0131 olan K\u00fcba\u2019da, bulunan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00e7ok zengin ve \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k sekiz bin t\u00fcr bitki bulunmaktad\u0131r. Milli a\u011fa\u00e7 say\u0131lan palmiye a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n genelinde g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerinden bir taneside, zehirli veya insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na zarar verebilecek hayvan t\u00fcrlerinin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Aday\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen sularda \u00e7o\u011fu yenilebilir yakla\u015f\u0131k 900&nbsp; bal\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fc ve deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ya\u015far.<\/li><li>\u015eehir turunda rahat ve e\u011flenceli Cocotaxileri ya da Bisitaxileri kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;K\u00fcba\u2019da Yiyecek, \u0130\u00e7ecek ve Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yiyecekler;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri, K\u00fcba\u2019ya gelen turistler i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7ekicidir. \u00d6zellikle istakoz, karides ve Pargo bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, turistler taraf\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok talep g\u00f6ren deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnleridir. Deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin bol olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, K\u00fcbal\u0131lar bunlara&nbsp; pek ilgi g\u00f6stermemektedirler. K\u00fcbal\u0131lar\u0131n, deniz \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine nazaran daha yo\u011fun \u00fcretilen ve daha ekonomik olmas\u0131 nedeniyle tavuk, adada en yayg\u0131n t\u00fcketilen yiyeceklerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir. K\u00fcba yemeklerinde genelde ac\u0131 kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Y\u00f6resel yemeklerde baharat olarak so\u011fan, sar\u0131msak ve kimyon yo\u011fun olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Temel g\u0131da maddeleri aras\u0131nda pirin\u00e7 ve fas\u00fclye bulunur, k\u00f6ylerde m\u0131s\u0131r unu yo\u011funlukla kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130spanyol mutfa\u011f\u0131 etkisi ile domuz etini yo\u011fun olarak t\u00fcketmektedirler. \u00d6zel, tarihi ve ulusal kutlamalarda, f\u0131r\u0131nda domuz yeme\u011fi yan\u0131nda, garnit\u00fcr olarak Congri, Tamal, Avokado salatas\u0131 ve k\u0131zart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f muz tercih etmektedirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0130\u00e7ecekler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Me\u015frubat olarak Najita, Cachito ve Tucola ad\u0131 verilen gazl\u0131 i\u00e7ecekler yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. K\u00fcba\u2019da bunlara Refrescos (Serinleticiler) ad\u0131 verilir. Tropikal Meyve suyu olarak ba\u015fta Mango olmak \u00fczere, Guayaba, Ananas, Papaya, Guanabana ve Guarapo (\u015eeker Kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 Suyu) en \u00e7ok tercih edilen tatlard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan eczanelerden \u201ckan yapan\u201d \u015furup olarak al\u0131nan Malta, K\u00fcba\u2019da so\u011fuk i\u00e7ecek olarak t\u00fcketilmektedir. Hatta s\u00fct ile (Leche Condesada) kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, K\u00fcbal\u0131lar aras\u0131nda en pop\u00fcler i\u00e7ecek olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Denemek i\u00e7in Plaza de Armas\u2019da bulunan bira fabrikas\u0131na gidiniz. S\u0131cak i\u00e7ecek olarak, s\u0131cak \u00e7ikolatan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kahveler aras\u0131nda yer alan Cafe Cubita ve Cafe Serano en lezzetli olanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Siyah \u00e7ay t\u00fcketimi K\u00fcba\u2019da \u00e7ok nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Genelde K\u00fcba\u2019da so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya bo\u011faz rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dindirmek i\u00e7in tedavi amac\u0131 ile kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere, siyah \u00e7ay bal ve limon ile birlikte t\u00fcketilir. Adada her yerde kokteyller bulman\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle beyaz \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131, ezilmi\u015f nane, limon, 3 y\u0131ll\u0131k Havana Club romu, soda ve buzun kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ve K\u00fcba\u2019dan d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan Mojito, en \u00fcnl\u00fc kokteylidir. Bunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra Pina Colada, Cuba Libre, Daiquiri, Saoco kokteyleri Havana Club ile yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bira olarak Havana\u2019da, Cristal ad\u0131nda hafif ve Bucanero ad\u0131nda sert olan biralar t\u00fcketilmektedir. Lagarto, Hatuey ve Mayabe biralar\u0131 \u00fclkenin do\u011fusunda en pop\u00fcler biralard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcba\u2019ya gitti\u011finizde hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011framamak i\u00e7in, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fmeli, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnya markalar\u0131 K\u00fcba\u2019da fazla yer alm\u0131yor. Sosyalist Devlet, halk\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketime te\u015fvik etmemektedir, \u00f6n planda tutulan as\u0131l kavram \u00fcretimdir. Puro almay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, puro fabrikas\u0131 olan La Casa del Habano\u2019nun resmi sat\u0131\u015f d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n\u0131 tercih etmenizi \u00f6neririz. Di\u011fer tavsiye edebilece\u011fimiz puro markalar\u0131ysa Cohiba, Montecristo, Partagas ve Vegas Robaina\u2019d\u0131r. Rom merakl\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in tavsiye etti\u011fimiz markalar, Havana Club, Varadero, Legendario, Caney ve Rom Santiago\u2019dur. Y\u0131llanm\u0131\u015f romlar sek i\u00e7ilir ve kokteyllerde pek kullan\u0131lmaz. Adadan e\u015fe dosta, hatta kendinize hediye etmek isteyece\u011finiz \u015feylerin ba\u015f\u0131nda, akla ilk gelenler rom ve purodur. K\u00fcba\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc marketler olan Tiendas\u2019larda, baz\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak yerli imalat\u0131 olan \u00fcr\u00fcnler bulabilmeniz m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle mayo, g\u00fcne\u015f kremi, havlu, g\u00fcne\u015f g\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, terlik, \u015fort ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 miktarda erkek ve bayan k\u0131yafetleri bulunabilir. Yine yerli \u00fcretim olan parf\u00fcmler; Mariposa, Coral Negro, Alicia Alonso gibi ve K\u00fcba\u2019da \u00fcretilen \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ya\u015flanmaya kar\u015f\u0131 Alicia Alonso kremleri en \u00e7ok ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. M\u00fczik aletleri, el yap\u0131m\u0131 hediyelik e\u015fyalar, Che ve Fidel resimli giysiler ve e\u015fyalar, m\u00fczik ve film DVD-CD\u2019leri, turistik K\u00fcba ti\u015f\u00f6rtleri alman\u0131z i\u00e7in Artex veya Longina d\u00fckkanlar\u0131ndan al\u0131nabilir, tavsiye ederiz. K\u00fcba\u2019ya \u00f6zg\u00fc e\u015fyalar aras\u0131nda tahta oymalar, ya\u011fl\u0131 boya tablolar\u0131, seramikler, nak\u0131\u015flar, mercan tak\u0131lar ve m\u00fczik aletleri, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fit ve say\u0131da bulunuyor. \u00d6zellikle Havana\u2019da, 23. Cadde ve Obispo Caddesi ad\u0131 verilen bulvardan ve Almacenes San Jose tavsiye etti\u011fimiz al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f yerleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>K\u00fcba Tarihi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u00fcba yerlileri; K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n ilk sakinleri G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019dan adaya gelen Guanahatabey ve Siboney Yerlileriydi. Adaya daha sonra yerle\u015fen Taino\u2019lar (Antil Aravaklar\u0131) \u00e7\u00f6mlek ve alet yap\u0131m\u0131nda belirli bir d\u00fczeye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, tar\u0131mc\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l bir halkt\u0131. \u0130spanyollar\u0131n adada ilk koloniyi kurdu\u011fu s\u0131rada \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Taino\u2019lar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu yerlilerin say\u0131s\u0131 80-100 bin dolay\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kristof Kolomb\u2019un birinci yolculu\u011funda ke\u015ffederek (Ekim 1492) \u0130spanyol topra\u011f\u0131 ilan etti\u011fi K\u00fcba\u2019da, ilk kal\u0131c\u0131 yerle\u015fim 1511\u2032de kuruldu. Kolonicilerin bask\u0131 ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, a\u00e7l\u0131k ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler yerli n\u00fcfusun 5 bine kadar d\u00fc\u015fmesine neden olmu\u015ftu. 18. yy\u2019 a girilirken b\u00f6lgede sa\u011flanan bar\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczenle birlikte koloninin n\u00fcfusu 50 bin\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131. \u0130spanya\u2019dan d\u00fczenli gemi seferlerinin ba\u015flamas\u0131, Havana\u2019n\u0131n ticari ve stratejik \u00f6nemini art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu arada hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n, t\u00fct\u00fcn ve \u015fekerkam\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretiminin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, Afrika\u2019dan \u00f6zellikle Mozambik\u2019ten \u00e7ok say\u0131da zenci k\u00f6le getirilmesi, adada k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim yaratt\u0131. K\u00fcba\u2019da 1868 tarihinde, k\u00f6le ticaretinin sona ermesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kapatmak i\u00e7in, adaya s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli i\u015f\u00e7i olarak \u00c7inliler getirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. 19. yy\u2019\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n \u015feker \u00fcretimi ve ihracat\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc, sermaye, makine, teknik beceri ve pazarlar\u0131 sa\u011flamada yetersiz kalmas\u0131, K\u00fcba\u2019yla olan siyasi ve iktisadi ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n giderek zay\u0131flamas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu ortamda ABD\u2019li i\u015fadamlar\u0131, \u015feker \u00fcretiminde ve ticaretinde g\u00fc\u00e7 kazanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130spanyollar\u0131n adada geli\u015fen \u00f6zerklik talebine \u00f6d\u00fcn vermemesi ve vergileri daha da art\u0131rmas\u0131, <strong>On Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (1868 \u2013 1878)<\/strong> ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu. Sonunda \u0130spanya Zanjon S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019yle (1878) siyasal ve ekonomik reformlar yapmaya s\u00f6z verdi. Adada sa\u011flanan bar\u0131\u015f ortam\u0131, ekonomik bunal\u0131m\u0131n derinle\u015fmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden uzun s\u00fcreli olamad\u0131. 1895\u2032te s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki K\u00fcbal\u0131 \u015fair ve gazeteci <strong>Jose Marti<\/strong>\u2019nin s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeki siyasi \u00f6rg\u00fctleri bir araya getirmesiyle, gerilla taktiklerine dayanan yeni bir Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u0130spanya adaya 200 bin asker \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Sava\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n adadaki \u015feker \u00fcretimini durma noktas\u0131na getirmesi \u00fczerine, ada ekonomisinde etkin durumda olan ABD\u2019nin, Havana liman\u0131nda demirli \u201cMaine\u201d isimli Askeri Gemisi\u2019nin bat\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bahane ederek, \u0130spanya\u2019ya sava\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131na neden oldu. Amerika\u2019n\u0131n kendini K\u00fcba\u2019ya m\u00fcttefik gibi g\u00f6sterip, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n \u0130spanya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 (1898) sonunda, \u0130spanyollar\u0131 yenmesinin ard\u0131ndan, \u0130spanya ve Amerika aras\u0131nda Paris\u2019te bir toplant\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Maximo Gomez ve di\u011fer K\u00fcba Generallerinin bilgisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda imzalanan Paris Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n \u0130spanya ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131nda, ilan etti\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1 Ocak 1899\u2032da ABD i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi. K\u00fcba Devleti\u2019nin siyasal ve ekonomik \u00e7er\u00e7evesini belirleyici \u00f6nlemler alan ABD, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f ili\u015fkilerinde s\u00f6z sahibi olma ve Guantanamo Koyu\u2019nda bir deniz \u00fcss\u00fc kurma hakk\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131ktan sonra, birliklerini adadan \u00e7ekti(1901). \u0130kinci ABD m\u00fcdahalesinden (1909) sonra, se\u00e7imleri kazanan liberallerin aday\u0131 Jose Miguel Gomez d\u00f6neminde r\u00fc\u015fvet, yolsuzluk ve sosyal adaletsizlik \u00fczerine kurulu bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminin yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6zellikle Afrika k\u00f6kenli K\u00fcbal\u0131lar\u0131n, siyasal haklar ve daha iyi i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fti\u011fi eylemler, sert bi\u00e7imde bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Gomez\u2019le birlikte \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu kez hileli se\u00e7imler ve askeri bask\u0131 yoluyla ele ge\u00e7irilen bir makam durumuna geldi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1933\u2032te ABD\u2019nin deste\u011fiyle Gerardo Machado\u2019yu deviren Fulgencio Batista, en \u00fcnl\u00fc diktat\u00f6r olarak uzun y\u0131llar K\u00fcba y\u00f6netimine damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu. Batista zaman\u0131nda tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; fuhu\u015f, turizm ve kumarhane i\u015fletmecili\u011fi de \u00f6nemli bir gelir kayna\u011f\u0131 haline geldi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi, n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun yoksulluk i\u00e7inde kalmas\u0131 ve ekonominin giderek daha da d\u0131\u015fa ba\u011flanmas\u0131, Batista y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 etkin bir muhalefetin do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Halk Devrimi ve Sonras\u0131 K\u00fcba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1950\u2032lerde Batista diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hedef alan gruplardan birine liderlik eden Fidel Castro, Moncada K\u0131\u015flas\u0131\u2019na d\u00fczenledi\u011fi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir bask\u0131ndan (1953) dolay\u0131, bir s\u00fcre hapis yatt\u0131. Daha sonra Meksika\u2019ya giden Fidel Castro, 1955\u2032te&nbsp;<strong>26 Temmuz Hareketi<\/strong>\u2019ni ba\u015flatt\u0131. Arjantinli devrimci doktor <strong>Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna\u2019<\/strong>n\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn, Aral\u0131k 1956\u2032da K\u00fcba\u2019da ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Gerilla Hareketi, zamanla \u00f6teki gruplardan da destek alarak, Batista\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 birliklere \u00f6nemli darbeler indirdi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1 Ocak 1959<\/strong>\u2032da diktat\u00f6r Fulgencio Batista\u2019n\u0131n K\u00fcba\u2019dan ABD\u2019ye ka\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, Fidel\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131 bin ki\u015filik bir kuvvetin Havana\u2019ya girmesiyle, yeni bir y\u00f6netim ba\u015flad\u0131. <strong>K\u00fcba Devrimi <\/strong>ile sosyalistler, K\u00fcba\u2019da iktidara geldikten sonra, k\u00f6kl\u00fc toprak reformu gibi ad\u0131mlarla geni\u015f bir kesimin deste\u011fini kazanan Fidel Castro, ittifak kurdu\u011fu K\u00fcba Sosyalist Halk Partisi ile birlikte y\u00f6netime a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koydu. Toprak kamula\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131ndan zarar g\u00f6ren ABD \u015firketlerinin bask\u0131s\u0131yla, ABD y\u00f6netiminin uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iktisadi ambargo ve bunu izleyen Domuzlar K\u00f6rfezi \u00c7\u0131kartmas\u0131, Fidel\u2019in SSCB ile yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fkiye girerek sosyalist bir \u00e7izgiye y\u00f6nelmesini h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131. Ertesi y\u0131l K\u00fcba\u2019ya yerle\u015ftirilen Sovyet f\u00fczeleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden patlak veren Ekim F\u00fczeleri Krizi\u2019nde, Sovyet lideri Nikita Kru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019in geri ad\u0131m atmas\u0131, K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n SSCB ile olan ili\u015fkilerini bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde bozdu. 1960\u2032larda ABD bask\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden artan askeri harcamalar, ekonomide sars\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde K\u00fcba, Latin Amerika\u2019daki devrimci hareketlere verdi\u011fi destekten dolay\u0131, diplomatik yaln\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa itildi. 1970\u2032lerde ekonomide ba\u015flayan d\u00fczelme ile birlikte, parti ve devlet istikrarl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya kavu\u015fturuldu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu arada Fidel\u2019in y\u00f6netimdeki etkinli\u011fi de peki\u015ftirildi. 1979 \u2013 1982 aras\u0131nda Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131zlar Hareketi\u2019nin d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n, SSCB ile olan ili\u015fkileri do\u011frultusunda, Angola ve Etiyopya\u2019ya asker g\u00f6ndermesi, ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u00fclke olan Afganistan\u2019\u0131n, SSCB taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesine tepkisiz kalmas\u0131, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc D\u00fcnya\u2019da baz\u0131 tepkilerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 1980\u2032de K\u00fcba Devrimi muhaliflerine ABD\u2019ye gitme izninin verilmesinden sonra, g\u00f6\u00e7 eden 120 bin K\u00fcbal\u0131 aras\u0131nda adi su\u00e7lular\u0131n ve ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nin Grenada\u2019ya m\u00fcdahalesi, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkileri daha da gerginle\u015ftirdi. 1990\u2032da Do\u011fu Blogu\u2019nu saran de\u011fi\u015fim dalgas\u0131, siyasi olarak K\u00fcba\u2019y\u0131 etkilemedi demek yalan olur. K\u00fcba Sosyalizmi, h\u0131z kesmeden yoluna devam etse de, 60 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n zamand\u0131r devam eden ambargo ve Sovyet Sisteminin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ard\u0131ndan, K\u00fcba\u2019da ba\u015flat\u0131lan Yeni Liberal Ekonomik Sistem, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olacak m\u0131? \u0130thalat ve ihracat\u0131n\u0131n %80\u2019i Sovyetler Birli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan K\u00fcba, Sovyetlerin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra ve ABD ambargosunun artmas\u0131 ile K\u00fcba ekonomisi daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fti. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise, Ambargoyu de\u015flen \u00fclkelerin artmas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyadaki K\u00fcba dostlar\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; turizm ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, pek olanda artan K\u00fcba ekonomisi iyiye gidiyor. 12 milyon n\u00fcfusu olan K\u00fcba, sa\u011fl\u0131k turizminde de yeni hamleler yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f Sonras\u0131 K\u00fcba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So\u011fuk Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda kesilen Sovyet yard\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden, iktisadi bir a\u00e7maza s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen K\u00fcba, tek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen turizm yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na y\u00f6neldi ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131&nbsp;\u00f6zel yabanc\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131mlara izin verildi. Gene bu d\u00f6nemde ABD ile olan ili\u015fkilerde k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 bir iyile\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. 1990\u2032lar\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Kanada, \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti ve Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne yak\u0131nla\u015fan K\u00fcba, Latin Amerika\u2019da da (\u00f6zellikle Venezuela ve Bolivya) yeni m\u00fcttefikler buldu. 31 Temmuz 2006\u2032da Fidel Castro, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k g\u00f6revlerini sa\u011fl\u0131k problemleri sebebi ile 31 Temmuz 2006 tarihinde ge\u00e7ici olarak karde\u015fi Raul Castro\u2019ya devretti ve 24 \u015eubat 2008 halk oylamas\u0131 sonucunda Raul Castro Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131\u011fa&nbsp;ge\u00e7ti. 25 Kas\u0131m 2016\u2019da Fidel Castro, 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. 4 Aral\u0131k 2016\u2019da, Castro\u2019nun Santiago de Cuba\u2019da yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck cenaze t\u00f6renine, elinde T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131 ile kat\u0131lan tek T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olman\u0131n da ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131, beni mutlu etti. T\u00fcrkiye-K\u00fcba ili\u015fkileri de her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den K\u00fcba\u2019ya \u00e7ok say\u0131da turist gidiyor. Son y\u0131llarda ise, K\u00fcba\u2019da artan TIP alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler sonucu, sa\u011fl\u0131k turizminde de ciddi geli\u015fmeler olmaktad\u0131r\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fidel Castro da,&nbsp; Atat\u00fcrk hayran\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fidel Castro, 1961 y\u0131l\u0131nda Havana\u2019da, D\u00fcnya Bar\u0131\u015f Konseyi d\u00f6nem ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Naz\u0131m Hikmet ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten sonra, (1967\u2019de Bolivya\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan) <strong>Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Nutuk\u201d<\/strong> kitab\u0131n\u0131, 1961\u2019de \u0130spanyolcaya \u00e7evirten<strong> Fidel Castro<\/strong>, (Milliyet Gazetesi\u2019nde yay\u0131nlanan) Dursun \u00d6zden ile Havana\u2019daki evinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 r\u00f6portajda (12. 12. 1996) \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201c\u2026 T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7leri kendisine ba\u015fka \u00f6nder aramas\u0131n. Bizim ve d\u00fcnyadaki \u00f6teki mazlum halklar\u0131n, do\u011fal \u00f6nderi ve esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan Devrimci Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk\u2019t\u00fcr. O\u2019nun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 devrimleri biz o kadar k\u0131sa zamanda asla yapamazd\u0131k. Atat\u00fcrk, 1919 y\u0131l\u0131nda Band\u0131rma Gemisiyle Samsun\u2019a \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O Anti-emperyalist bir ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131yla, Anadolu\u2019dan d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 temizledi. Ve zafere ula\u015ft\u0131. Bize \u00f6rnek oldu. Biz ondan ezinlendik ve tam 40 y\u0131l sonra, 1959 y\u0131l\u0131nda Granma Gemisiyle Adaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. Batista Rejimini y\u0131kt\u0131k ve biz de zafere eri\u015ftik. Atat\u00fcrk, \u00f6zellikle sa\u011fdan sola do\u011fru yaz\u0131lan Arap Alfabesini, soldan sa\u011fa do\u011fru yaz\u0131lan Latin Abecesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren Harf Devrimi, bu kadar k\u0131sa zamanda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir mucizedir\u2026 Havana\u2019daki Atat\u00fcrk b\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinde \u015fu s\u00f6z yaz\u0131l\u0131: \u2018Ya \u0130stiklal, Ya \u00d6l\u00fcm\u2019&nbsp; bu \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 Tarihin her d\u00f6neminde asla unutulmayacak b\u00fcy\u00fck liderlerden biridir Atat\u00fcrk, k\u0131ymetini biliniz ve kendinize ba\u015fka \u00f6nder aramay\u0131n\u0131z. Sizin Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcz var. O T\u00fcrk milletine Tanr\u0131 taraf\u0131nda verilen en b\u00fcy\u00fck arma\u011fand\u0131r. Ve ben Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn kenti olan \u0130stanbul\u2019u \u00e7ok \u00f6zl\u00fcyorum\u2026\u201d&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cAziz Nesin beni g\u0131d\u0131kl\u0131yor\u201d<\/em> diyen Havanal\u0131 taksi s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc Carlos, <em>\u201cNaz\u0131m Hikmet \u015fiirleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u201d<\/em> diyen Dory Fernandez, <em>\u201cAra G\u00fcler olmak isterdim\u201d<\/em> diyen Che foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Alberto Korda, <em>\u201cKanayan T\u00fcrk\u00fc\u201d <\/em>adl\u0131 \u015fiir kitab\u0131m\u0131n kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapan, Fidel\u2019in yak\u0131n dostu \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam Oswaldo Guayasamin, <em>\u201c\u0130stanbul\u2019u \u00e7ok \u00f6zledim\u201d<\/em> diyen \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Ernest Hemingway an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve Cezayir\u2019de 1965\u2019de Che Guevara ile r\u00f6portaj yapan gazeteci Leyla Vekilli\u2019yi tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmak ayr\u0131cal\u0131kt\u0131 benim i\u00e7in\u2026 Ya\u015fayan \u00f6rnek tek sosyalist \u00fclke olan K\u00fcba; nostaljik ve turizm potansiyeli bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ve gezi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da en \u00e7ok tercih edilen \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. Ambargoya ve t\u00fcm olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131, onurluca direnen K\u00fcba halk\u0131, yoksul ve mutlu olman\u0131n s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 da koruyan tek \u00fclkedir. K\u00fclt\u00fcr, sanat, emek onuru ve sa\u011fl\u0131k politikas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nde gelen, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r K\u00fcba. Naz\u0131m H\u00fckmet ve Atat\u00fcrk sevgisiyle ba\u015flayan K\u00fcba-T\u00fcrkiye dostlu\u011fu devam ediyor. Farkl\u0131 d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine sahip T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 ve ad\u0131 Fidel olan 354 gen\u00e7 (yar\u0131dan fazlas\u0131 k\u0131z), ada\u015flar\u0131 olan Fidel Castro\u2019nun 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fcklerine tan\u0131k olduk. T\u00fcrk gen\u00e7leri de Fidel\u2019i ve \u00fclkesi K\u00fcba\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7ok seviyor\u2026 K\u00fcba-T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda 8 saatlik zaman fark\u0131 var.&nbsp; U\u00e7akla 14 saat s\u00fcren uzunca bir yol olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; K\u00fcba uzak de\u011fil\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cuba is not far!..&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>F\u0130DEL\u2019\u0130N \u00d6YK\u00dcS\u00dc Kitab\u0131:<\/em><\/strong><em>K\u00fcba Devriminin \u00f6nderlerinden, K\u00fcba Cumhuriyeti Kurucu Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kumandan Fidel Castro, 25 Kas\u0131m 2016&#8217;da 90 ya\u015f\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Vasiyeti \u00fczerine bedeni yak\u0131lan ve k\u00fcl\u00fc, 4 Aral\u0131k 2016&#8217;da Santiago de Cuba&#8217;da yap\u0131lan t\u00f6rende Fidel Castro, on binlerin y\u00fcrekten hayk\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 &#8220;YO SOY F\u0130DEL!..&#8221; (Hepimiz Fideliz) slogan\u0131yla sonsuzlu\u011fa u\u011furland\u0131. Yazar Dursun \u00d6zden\u2019de Kumandan Fidel&#8217;in cenaze t\u00f6renine, elinde T\u00fcrk bayra\u011f\u0131yla kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u00d6zden, 12 Aral\u0131k 1996 tarihinde Latin Amerika Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc&#8217;n\u00fc almak \u00fczere gitti\u011fi Havana\u2019da, Kumandan Fidel Castro ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmenin ilgin\u00e7 detaylar\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kitab\u0131nda, 1996,1999,2005 ve 2016 y\u0131llar\u0131nda K\u00fcba&#8217;ya yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gezilerin bir bilan\u00e7osunu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kitapta, Fidel Castro&#8217;nun ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc ve Mao Xianglin&#8217;in &#8220;Fidel&#8217;in 9 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ve K\u00fcba Sosyalizmine Katk\u0131lar\u0131&#8221; adl\u0131 makalesi de yer al\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kitapta yer alan di\u011fer konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/em><em>K\u00fcba&#8217;dan \u0130nsan Manzaralar\u0131, &#8220;Yo Soy Fidel&#8221;, Fidel Castro&#8217;nun Cenaze T\u00f6reni \u0130zlenimleri &#8220;Zafere Kadar Daima!&#8221;, Raul Castro&#8217;nun Santiago Konu\u015fmas\u0131, Che Guevara&#8217;n\u0131n Foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Alberto Korda&#8217;yla S\u00f6yle\u015fi, UNEAC Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Alex Pausides ile Naz\u0131m ve K\u00fcba \u00dczerine S\u00f6yle\u015fi, T\u00fcrk Fideller&#8230; T\u00fcrkiyeli Fidel&#8217;in G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Naz\u0131m Hikmet&#8217;in &#8220;Havana R\u00f6portaj\u0131&#8221; adl\u0131 \u015fiiri\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Fidel\u2019in \u00d6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \/ Dursun \u00d6zden, Kategori Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Mart 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Foto\u011fraflar; Dursun \u00d6zden ar\u015fivi. www.dursunozden.com.tr<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"476\" height=\"525\" 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