{"id":6005,"date":"2019-03-03T17:12:12","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T14:12:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=6005"},"modified":"2019-03-04T17:55:00","modified_gmt":"2019-03-04T14:55:00","slug":"orta-doguda-kurt-kizlarinin-sunnet-cilesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=6005","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyada ve Orta Do\u011fu’da k\u0131zlar\u0131n s\u00fcnnet \u00e7ilesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00d6te yandan, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131llarda benimde tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum; Afrika\u2019da Kongo\u2019nun ba\u015fkenti Kongo\u2019da yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck kat\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 halk oylamas\u0131 sonucu, oylamaya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n %85\u2019i taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6ren, s\u00fcnnet olma ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 18 ve \u00fczeri olmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi ve bu karar Kongo Anayasas\u0131\u2019na girdi. Bundan b\u00f6yle k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 t\u00f6re gere\u011fi de\u011fil, kendi bedenleri \u00fczerinde kendileri karar verecek dendi. Ve art\u0131k k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 s\u00fcnnet olmak istemiyor yorumu yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu halk oylamas\u0131 sonucu, etkinli\u011fe kat\u0131lan her renkten binlerce s\u00fcnnetli k\u0131z dans etti ve bayram yapt\u0131. Ve bu uygulaman\u0131n ba\u015fka co\u011frafyalara ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere de \u00f6rnek olmas\u0131n\u0131 istediler\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 60’tan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcnnet edildi\u011fi Kuzey Irak’ta yetkililer, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n dikkatini bu konuya \u00e7ekmemek i\u00e7in, gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlarda fiziksel ve psikolojik sorunlara yol a\u00e7an bu i\u015flemi yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 ilan etmeye yana\u015fm\u0131yor. Sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, enfeksiyon ve ba\u015fka rahats\u0131zl\u0131klara neden oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirilen kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l bu kadar yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na tam bir cevap verilemiyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) <\/b>verilerine g\u00f6re, bu g\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada toplam 140 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun s\u00fcnnetli oldu\u011fu belgeledi. K\u0131z \u00e7ocuklarda uygulanan bu vah\u015fet gelenekin, herhangi bir inan\u00e7la direk ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 5 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r Firavun zaman\u0131ndan bu yanan uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ayn\u0131 jilet ve makasla, ayn\u0131 anda pek \u00e7ok k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun, hijyenik olmayan ortamlarda s\u00fcnnet edilmesi sonucu, aids ve hepatit t\u00fcr\u00fc kanla yay\u0131lan pek \u00e7ok bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131na de neden olan bu s\u00fcnnet gelece\u011fi, asl\u0131nda s\u00fcnnetli k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hastalanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine neden oldu\u011fu, uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Daha \u00e7ok Afrika ve Arap \u00fclkeleri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Asya ve Ortado\u011fu’nun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de g\u00f6r\u00fclen kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin, d\u00fcnyada en yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda Kuzey Irak da ilk s\u0131ralarda yer al\u0131yor. K\u00fcrt k\u0131zlar\u0131na uygulanan ve sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 bulunmayan bu i\u015flemi \u201cAllah i\u00e7in\u201d yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Irak\u2019ta K\u00fcrt n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcnnet oldu\u011fu belirtildi. Kad\u0131n\u0131n cinsel arzular\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ruhunu temizledi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle uygulanan y\u00f6ntem, Irak’\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde nadiren g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Uygulamay\u0131 yasaklatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n vekiller ve baz\u0131 sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, Kuzey Irak y\u00f6netiminin konunun uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyunun dikkatini \u00e7ekmesini istemedikleri gerek\u00e7esiyle g\u00fcndemine almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgesel y\u00f6netimin insan haklar\u0131ndan sorumlu bakan\u0131 Yusuf Muhamed Aziz, konuya ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, ‘toplumu ilgilendiren t\u00fcm k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sorunlarla ilgili yasa \u00e7\u0131kartman\u0131n gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ s\u00f6yledi.B\u00f6lgedeki baz\u0131 din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da konuya ili\u015fkin halk\u0131 y\u00f6nlendirmesiyle baz\u0131 yerlerde s\u00fcnnet vakalar\u0131n\u0131n azalmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7eken Haber Gazetesi, s\u00fcnnet olmu\u015f kad\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n kendileriyle ayn\u0131 ac\u0131y\u0131 \u00e7ekmesini istemediklerini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini kaydetti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler, her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyon kad\u0131n\u0131n hayati tehlike ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furan kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetiyle ilgili son verileri payla\u015ft\u0131, uygulaman\u0131n giderek azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck 30 milyon k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun halen risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtti. UNFPA ve UNICEF kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine son verilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7abalara h\u0131z verilmesi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n S\u00fcnnetine Kar\u015f\u0131 S\u0131f\u0131r Tolerans G\u00fcn\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla BM taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanan yeni verilerinde, ya\u015fam\u0131 tehdit edici bir uygulama olarak kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti tehdidi alt\u0131nda olan k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve gen\u00e7 ku\u015faklar bu uygulamaya daha az maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

UNICEF taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan en son tahminlerde, 29 \u00fclkede en az 140 milyon <\/b>k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun ve kad\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, 15 ya\u015f\u0131ndan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck 30 milyon k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funun halen risk alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

“Kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetini sonland\u0131rabiliriz”<\/b><\/p>\n

UNICEF Genel Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Anthony Lake, <\/b>kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin sona erdirilebilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131: “Bu ilerleme, kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine son vermenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti kendi ba\u015f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yanl\u0131\u015f olman\u0131n \u00f6tesinde bir uygulamad\u0131r. Milyonlarca k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fun ve kad\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesi i\u00e7in bu uygulamay\u0131 sona erdirmeliyiz ve bunu yapabiliriz.”<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin uygulanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131, 1979 y\u0131l\u0131nda CEDAW (Kad\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Her T\u00fcrl\u00fc Ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Yok Edilmesi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi)<\/b> kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti maddesinde bu eylemlerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczere gerekli tedbir getirilmi\u015fti, uluslararas\u0131 giri\u015fimlerle desteklenerek sona erdirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye devam edildi. BM Genel Kurulu, 2012 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda ise kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine son verme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fiyle \u00fcye devletleri bu uygulamaya son vermek i\u00e7in \u00e7abalar\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rma karar\u0131 vermi\u015fti, bu karar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan rapor, geli\u015fimin \u00f6nemli bir izle\u011fini olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

BM raporuna g\u00f6re, kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 29 Afrika ve Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkesinde ortalama rakamlara bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 45-49 ya\u015f grubundan olup bu uygulamaya maruz kalan kad\u0131n oran\u0131 tahminen y\u00fczde 53 iken, 15-19 ya\u015f grubundan k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131nda uygulama oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 36.<\/p>\n

Uygulaman\u0131n yayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkelerde bile tutumlar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 90’\u0131n\u0131n bu uygulamayla s\u00fcnnet edildi\u011fi M\u0131s\u0131r’da, 15-49 ya\u015f grubundan evli kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine son verilmesini isteyenlerin oran\u0131 1995’ten 2008’e % 13’ten % 28’e iki kat artt\u0131.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

UNICEF\u2019in kad\u0131n s\u00fcnneti raporuna g\u00f6re d\u00fcnyada 125 milyondan fazla k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu ve kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnet edilmi\u015f durumda. 30 milyon k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011fu ise \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131lda s\u00fcnnet edilme tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya.<\/p>\n

Afrika ve Ortado\u011fu\u2019da 29 \u00fclkede yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re s\u00fcnnet edilen kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00fclkeler s\u0131ras\u0131yla M\u0131s\u0131r, Etiyopya, Nijerya, Sudan ve Kenya ile Burkina Faso. Somali\u2019deki kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ise y\u00fczde 98\u2019i s\u00fcnnet edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Toplumda kabul g\u00f6rme uygulaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen en yayg\u0131n gerek\u00e7e. Hijyen, daha iyi bir evlilik ihtimali, bekareti korumak, dini gereklilik ise di\u011fer nedenler aras\u0131nda. Uygulama \u00e7o\u011funlukla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte di\u011fer dinlerde de yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcnnet uygulamas\u0131nda vurgulanan di\u011fer bir nokta ise geleneksel uygulay\u0131c\u0131lardan uzman sa\u011fl\u0131k personeline ge\u00e7i\u015fin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi. B\u00f6ylelikle uygulaman\u0131n medikalizasyonun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunuluyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da uygulaman\u0131n uzman sa\u011fl\u0131k personeli taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lma oran\u0131 1995 \u2013 2008 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fczde 55\u2019ten y\u00fczde 77\u2019ye y\u00fckseldi. Gana, Irak gibi \u00fclkelerde ise bu oran bir hayli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck.<\/p>\n

Rapordan dikkat \u00e7ekici baz\u0131 noktalar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/b><\/p>\n

* Yemen\u2019de s\u00fcnnetlerin y\u00fczde 97\u2019si evde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriliyor ve y\u00fczde 75\u2019inde b\u0131\u00e7ak veya jilet kullan\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

* Burkina Faso\u2019da ya\u015fayan kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 76\u2019s\u0131 s\u00fcnnet edilmi\u015f ancak sadece y\u00fczde 9\u2019u uygulaman\u0131n devam etmesi gerekti\u011fini savunuyor.<\/p>\n

* Togo\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 21\u2019i, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131nda y\u00fczde 1\u2019i s\u00fcnnet edilirken; Nijerya\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 55\u2019i, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 2\u2019si s\u00fcnnet edilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

* Gine\u2019de kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 19\u2019u kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetinin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken, bu oran erkeklerde y\u00fczde 42. Kamerun\u2019da ise erkeklerin y\u00fczde 85\u2019i kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine kar\u015f\u0131.<\/p>\n

* Eritre\u2019de kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 60\u2019\u0131 s\u00fcnneti dini bir gereklilik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

* Kenya\u2019da s\u00fcnnet edilmi\u015f kad\u0131n ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 59\u2019u uygulaman\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yarar\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n

* E\u011fitim g\u00f6rmeyen kad\u0131nlar, orta ve y\u00fcksek e\u011fitim g\u00f6ren kad\u0131nlara g\u00f6re s\u00fcnneti d\u00f6rt kat daha fazla destekliyor.<\/p>\n

Raporda kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine kar\u015f\u0131 ilk kampanyan\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi (M\u0131s\u0131r) 1920\u2019den bu yana kad\u0131n s\u00fcnnetine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ve kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n kronolojisi de yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

8 Mart D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/b> kapsam\u0131nda, art\u0131k kad\u0131nlar\u0131m\u0131zda; erkek egemen toplum tarzlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve her co\u011frafyada haklar\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ve sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n bilincinde, \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ve e\u015fit bir yurtta\u015f olarak ya\u015fam haklar\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131yorlar, yeniden\u2026<\/p>\n

Kaynak: www.dursunozden.com.tr $\"\"$ <\/a> $\"\"$ <\/a> $\"\"$ <\/a><\/b><\/p>\n

$\"\"$ <\/a> $\"\"$ <\/a> $\"\"$ <\/a> $\"\"$ <\/a> $\"\"$ <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"