{"id":4593,"date":"2017-09-19T02:16:21","date_gmt":"2017-09-18T23:16:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=4593"},"modified":"2019-04-21T00:42:45","modified_gmt":"2019-04-20T21:42:45","slug":"dunya-mirasi-uygarlik-burcu-bergama-ic-gezi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=4593","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131, Uygarl\u0131k Burcu BERGAMA (\u0130\u00e7 gezi)"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre>Bir Turizm Cenneti olan Anadolu'da, tarihin gizemli co\u011frafyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve alternatif turizmin zengin miraslar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetme yolculu\u011fumuz s\u00fcr\u00fcyor... \n\nDaha \u00f6nce de, siz sevgili izleyicilerin be\u011fenisini kazanan; \u201cUygur Kar\u0131zlar\u0131\u201d, \u201cAnadolu Su Medeniyeti\u201d, \u201cAnadolu Kar\u0131zlar\u0131\u201d, \u201cKutsal Su Zemzem\u201d, \u201cMekke Su Yollar\u0131\u201d, \u201cHan Duvarlar\u0131\u201d  gibi belgesellerimizle, hayat\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeye sevam ediyoruz... \u201cUygarl\u0131k Burcu Bergama\u201d belgeseli ile \u201cMerhaba!\u201d diyerek s\u00f6ze ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Yeniden...\n\nUNESCO taraf\u0131ndan tescillenen ve ya\u015fanabilir temiz kent \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan Bergama\u2019n\u0131n, \u201cEvrensel De\u011ferlerini Yaratan Tarihsel Geli\u015fimine\u201d bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. \n\nUNESCO'nun 9 \u015fart\u0131ndan 6's\u0131n\u0131n tescillendi\u011fi Bergama ve bu ko\u015fullar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karan ger\u00e7ekler ile yerel y\u00f6neticilerin turizm miras\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fatmaktaki \u00f6zverileri, asl\u0131nda b\u00f6lgede var olan ve ke\u015ffetmeyi bekleyen alternatif turizm potansiyelini de ortaya \u00e7\u0131karan bir belgesel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r bu proje... \n\n\u00d6zel r\u00f6portajlar, dramatik canland\u0131rmalar, animasyon deste\u011fi, \u00f6zg\u00fcn m\u00fczik, tariihin bilinmeyen sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 aralay\u0131p ke\u015ffetmek, b\u00f6lgede tar\u0131msal ya\u015fam ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen folklorik zenginlikler ve alternatif turizm potansiyelini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in, Uygarl\u0131k Burcu Bergama'day\u0131z...  \n\nBir Turizm Cenneti olan Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131, Akdeniz Turizm pastas\u0131ndan haketti\u011fi pay\u0131 alamamaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131 merkezli yalan haber kaynaklar\u0131, \u00fclkemiz \u00fczerindeki kirli emellerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in uyduruk gerek\u00e7eleri ileri s\u00fcrmektedir. Anadolu tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn zengin miras\u0131 say\u0131labilecek pek \u00e7ok turizm potansiyeli ile t\u00fcm medeniyetlerin be\u015fi\u011fi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ya\u015fatmaktad\u0131r. Turizmin t\u00fcm \u00f6zellikleri ve g\u00fczellikleri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Anadolu insan\u0131n\u0131n konukseverli\u011fi ile turizslere, geleneksel ve modern sunumlar yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131, bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir. Turizmin \u00e7ekici g\u00fcc\u00fc olan \u201cG\u00fcne\u015f, deniz ve kum\u201d yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, do\u011fa ve alternatif turizm zenginliklerimizle de, \u00fclkemize gelen konuklara en iyi olanaklar sunuldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ektir. T\u00fcm Anadolu giibi, Ege B\u00f6lgesi ve \u00f6zellikle Bergama co\u011frafyas\u0131nda var olan tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zengin miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, bilinmeyen \u00f6zelliklerinin yeniden ke\u015ffi, bu belgeselde farkl\u0131 bir anlat\u0131m ve yeni teknik olanaklarla sunulmaktad\u0131r. \n\nAyr\u0131ca b\u00f6lgenin alternatif turizm zenginlikleri, Kaz Da\u011f\u0131'n\u0131n do\u011fu yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunan zeytincilik, Kozakl\u0131 vadisinde \u00e7am f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimi, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, dericilik, hal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, m\u00fcbadele ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan halkler\u0131n y\u00fcrek burkan \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, zeytin ve f\u0131st\u0131k hasad\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015fan tar\u0131m emek\u00e7isi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u015fiirsel sevda ve g\u00f6\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fcleri de bu belgeselde dile getirilecektir. \n\n\u00d6zellikle bir uygarl\u0131k burcu olan tarihi antik kentlerinde ve kaz\u0131 alanlar\u0131nda kaz\u0131 ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, akademislenler ve uzmanlarla \u00f6zel r\u00f6portajlar yap\u0131lacak ve de yeni belge ve bulgular\u0131 merakl\u0131s\u0131 ve genel izleyici i\u00e7in bu belgeselde hayat\u0131 yeniden belgeleyece\u011fiz. Antik tiyatroda ve tarihi y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yolunda, ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n su ve muziki sesinden \u015fifa buldu\u011fu tarihi \u00e7e\u015fme ba\u015f\u0131nda ve bimarhane ge\u00e7idinde, \u00f6zg\u00fcn m\u00fczik e\u015fli\u011finde dramatik canland\u0131rmalar ile 3 bin y\u0131l eskilere, antik tarihe s\u0131rda\u015f yolculuk yapaca\u011f\u0131z. \n\nB\u00f6legede ya\u015fayan Roman halk\u0131n dans ve m\u00fczi\u011fi, ramazan davulcular\u0131n\u0131n ilahi sesleni\u015fi ve sihirli ritmi, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve k\u0131na gecesi e\u011flencelerinin geleneksel co\u015fkusu ile alternatif turizmin sevecen ve renkli y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc belgeliyece\u011fiz. Belgeselimize klarneti ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn m\u00fczi\u011fi ile katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan, bir Bergama sevdal\u0131s\u0131 olan klarnet ustas\u0131 H\u00fcsn\u00fc \u015eenlendirici ile tarihi mekanlarda sihirli bir m\u00fczik yolculu\u011fu yapaca\u011f\u0131z. \n\nBergama ad\u0131 ile \u00f6zle\u015fen par\u015f\u00f6men sanat\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131m\u0131zda ya\u015fatan ve bir turizm el\u00e7isi olan Macit G\u00f6nl\u00fcg\u00fcr ustan\u0131n da t\u00fcm h\u00fcnerlirini, o\u011flak derisini \u0131slah\u0131 ve bir sanat eserine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc de belgeleyece\u011fiz. Par\u015fomen i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin ve sanat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkeye yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen at\u00f6lye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da konuk olaca\u011f\u0131z.\n\nBergama'ya g\u00fcn\u00fc birlik gelen yerli ve yabanc\u0131 turistlere, Bergama yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve konaklama yerlerini de ya da olmas\u0131 gerekli eksiklikleri de dillendirece\u011fiz. Bungolog tipi pansiyonlar\u0131 ve organik do\u011fal beslenme mekanlar\u0131na da konuk olaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00d6zellikle b\u00f6lgenin en zengin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan zeytincilik ve zevtinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimi ve mutfak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de belgeleyece\u011fiz, yeniden...\n\nBergama merkezden hareketle Kaz Da\u011f\u0131, Madra Da\u011f\u0131 ve Kozakl\u0131 tepelerinde atl\u0131, bisikletli, yaya ve motorize yol g\u00fczerhah\u0131nda, konaklama ve dinlenme noktalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterece\u011fiz. \n\nTarihi Bergama \u00f6ren yerleri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Bergama M\u00fczesi i\u00e7inde bulunan Aliyano Su Perisi ve \u00f6teki tarihi eserlerin s\u0131rda\u015f \u00f6zelliklerini uzamanlardan \u00f6\u011frenece\u011fiz. \n\nProje Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131m\u0131z ve Bergama tarihi \u00f6ren yerleri kaz\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Prof. Dr. Felix Pirson ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Celal Bayar \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi Do\u00e7. Dr. G\u00fcler Ate\u015f ile yapaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6zel r\u00f6portajlarla; bi\u00f6gede bulunan yeni tarihi eserleri ve onlar\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini \u00f6\u011frenip, tarihin s\u0131rda\u015f sayfalar\u0131n\u0131 aralayaca\u011f\u0131z...\nAlmanya'n\u0131n Berlin M\u00fczesinde bulunan Bergama b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde de \u00f6zel \u00e7ekimler yap\u0131p, \u00fclkemizden d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya giden tarihi eserlerin zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras yanlar\u0131na da \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutaca\u011f\u0131z...\n\nK\u0131saca Bergama'y\u0131 tan\u0131yarak yol haritam\u0131za bir \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutal\u0131m...\nBergama, sahip oldu\u011fu tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleriyle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 999, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin 13. ve \u0130zmir\u2019in ilk UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 kentidir. \u0130lkler kenti Bergama; Par\u015f\u00f6menin anavatan\u0131, eczac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n babas\u0131 Hekim Galenos\u2019un kenti, 1937 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk yerel festivaline hi\u00e7 ara vermeksizin ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f ve yapmaya da devam eden kent, \u0130ncil\u2019de ge\u00e7en Anadolu\u2019daki yedi kiliseden birine sahip kent, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en dik tiyatrosuna sahip kent gibi pek \u00e7ok nitelemeye sahiptir.\n\nBergama ad\u0131, antik d\u00f6nemdeki Pergamon isminden gelmektedir. \u0130lk \u00e7a\u011fda muhte\u015fem abideleriyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fehir ve ayn\u0131 ad\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n merkezi olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nemli stratejik mevkii, Karesio\u011fullar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ikinci ba\u015fkenti ve son olarak Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli merkezlerindendir.\n\nKent kuzeyinde Madra Da\u011f\u0131, (En y\u00fcksek yeri-Geyikli: 1051 metre) g\u00fcneyinde Yunt Da\u011f\u0131, (En y\u00fcksek yeri Maya Tepesi: 1344 metre) da\u011f silsileleri ile \u00e7evrili Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay havzas\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay ovas\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu 45 km, geni\u015fli\u011fi yer yer 15 ile 20 km aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. \u0130l\u00e7e merkezinin rak\u0131m\u0131 68 metre olup, Akropol\u2019deki rak\u0131m\u0131 331 m.'dir.\nAd\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi ovay\u0131 ikiye b\u00f6len Bak\u0131r\u00e7ay, Bal\u0131kesir\u2019in 30 km. g\u00fcneyindeki Davullu da\u011flar\u0131ndan do\u011far. Madra ve Yunt da\u011flar\u0131ndan kat\u0131lan Glenbe, Aksu, Ya\u011fc\u0131l\u0131, Mente\u015fe, \u0130lya, Karadere, K\u0131rkge\u00e7it, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Kestel, Bergama, Sar\u0131\u0131rmak, S\u0131n\u0131r dereleri ile beslenir. 120 km uzunlu\u011funda ve rejimi d\u00fczensizdir.\n\nYazlar s\u0131cak ve kurak, k\u0131\u015flar \u0131l\u0131k ve ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ge\u00e7en Bergama\u2019da Akdeniz iklimi h\u00e2kimdir. G\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 15-20 derece aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. R\u00fczg\u00e2rlar yaz ve k\u0131\u015f kuzeyden y\u0131ld\u0131z, kuzeydo\u011fudan poyraz, kuzeybat\u0131dan karayel eser. Lodos ve bat\u0131 r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131 ya\u011fmur getirir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u011f\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 600 mm3 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.\nBergama\u2019n\u0131n uzun y\u0131llardan beri en \u00f6nemli gelir kaynaklar\u0131 tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc de kendi i\u00e7inde belli ba\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitlilik sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halk\u0131n ge\u00e7imini sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri pamuk, t\u00fct\u00fcn, domates, zeytin, m\u0131s\u0131r ve bu\u011fday say\u0131labilir. B\u00f6lge topra\u011f\u0131 ve arazi yap\u0131s\u0131, yeni yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara \u00e7e\u015fitlendirme konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k alan \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.\n\nBergama y\u00f6resi madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin bir potansiyele sahiptir. \u0130\u015fletilmekte olan maden yataklar\u0131 granit, mermer, alt\u0131n, perlit ve ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00f6re, do\u011fal kapl\u0131ca sular\u0131 ve su kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de zengindi\n\nUNESCO taraf\u0131ndan tescillenen ve ya\u015fanabilir temiz kent \u00f6zelli\u011fi olan Bergama\u2019n\u0131n Evrensel De\u011ferlerini Yaratan Tarihsel Geli\u015fime bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. \n\nK\u00fclt\u00fcr ve do\u011fan\u0131n birlikte \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi Bergama\u2019da tap\u0131naklar, gymnasiumlar, su sistemleri, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, tiyatrolar, t\u00fcm\u00fcl\u00fcsler, hanlar, camiler ve geleneksel evler gibi say\u0131s\u0131z an\u0131tsal eser kentin \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel peyzaj\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131rlar. \nKentin iki bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7te ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Helenistik, Roma, Bizans ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde entellekt\u00fcel ve bilin\u00e7li tercihler ile \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel katmanlar\u0131 Bergama\u2019y\u0131 medeniyetin \u00f6nc\u00fc kentlerinden biri durumuna y\u00fckseltmektedir. \nBergama \u0130.\u00d6. 3. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Asya ve Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan yollar\u0131n merkezinde, Ortado\u011fu, Asya, Yunan ve Makedon k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ege B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, bilimsel ve politik bir merkez olarak y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \n\nAttalid Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u0130.\u00d6. 280ler-\u0130.\u00d6.133), Bergama\u2019y\u0131 merkeze alarak Hellenistik d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde belki de kendisinden en \u00e7ok bahsettirecek olan krall\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Bergama ise imar hareketlerinin do\u011fay\u0131 \u015fekillendirerek ve do\u011fan\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklara yarat\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bularak geli\u015ftirilen kent plan\u0131 ve an\u0131tsal eserleri ile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan hakl\u0131 bir \u00fcne sahip olmu\u015ftur. 300 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findeki Kale Tepesi\u2019ni kilometrelerce uzaktan ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na an\u0131tsal bir eser olarak alg\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kent plan\u0131, birbiri ile ili\u015fkili ve Tepenin e\u011fimleri \u00fczerinde olu\u015fturulan teraslara ustaca oturtulmu\u015f say\u0131s\u0131z an\u0131tsal eser ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu an\u0131tsal eserler i\u00e7inde antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en dik tiyatrolar\u0131ndan biri, yine antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun stoalar\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 terasa oturtulmu\u015f gymnasiumu, Helenistik sanat\u0131n zirve eseri Zeus Suna\u011f\u0131 ile farkl\u0131 teraslara yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f tap\u0131naklar\u0131 ile bir kent an\u0131t\u0131 yaratmaya y\u00f6nelmi\u015f bu bilin\u00e7li tercih ile olu\u015fan peyzaj ise aradan ge\u00e7en 2200 y\u0131l sonras\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hala kilometrelerce uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmektedir. \n\n\u00d6te yandan Pergamon Hellenistik D\u00f6nem kentlerinin geli\u015fim ve planlamas\u0131n\u0131n izlenebildi\u011fi d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde sa\u011flam kalm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze eri\u015fmi\u015f tek kenttir. Kentte bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 stat\u00fcy\u00fc kazand\u0131ran ise bir\u00e7ok deprem, zaman\u0131n y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 etkisi ve insanlar\u0131n olumsuz etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131n binlerce y\u0131l boyunca ayakta kalabilecek bir teknik ve ustal\u0131kla in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \n\nKentin t\u0131bbi tedaviler ve dinsel a\u00e7\u0131dan hac\u0131 mek\u00e2n\u0131 olmas\u0131 nedeni ile uluslararas\u0131 alanda \u00f6nemini art\u0131ran Asklepion Kutsal alan\u0131 ise Attalid Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n donatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015fka aland\u0131r. Kendi i\u00e7inde yer alan tap\u0131naklar\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fmeleri, tedavi merkezleri ile antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7 tedavi merkezinden biri olarak \u00fcnlenen ve Kale Tepesinin 2 km kadar uza\u011f\u0131nda kalan bu alana ise \u2018\u2019Kutsal Yol\u2019\u2019 ile ba\u011flan\u0131lmakta idi.\n\nHelenistik d\u00f6nemin bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 su sistemi ve bu sistemin 40 km lik mesafelerden geliyor olmas\u0131 ise teknolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan kentin seviyesini kan\u0131tlayan en \u00f6nemli \u00f6\u011felerdendir. \n\nKentteki, ticaret, temizlik ve su kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi farkl\u0131 bir\u00e7ok konuda d\u00fczenleyici kurallar i\u00e7eren kent yasalar\u0131 ise bir Helenistik kent y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6ncelikler ve nas\u0131l oldu\u011fu konusundaki en dikkat \u00e7ekici \u00f6rneklerdir. \n\nAttalid Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece kentle\u015fme ve mimaride de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda e\u011fitim, bilim, sanat ve uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler gibi konularda da d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nemli merkezi konumunda idi. Ana Tanr\u0131\u00e7a k\u00fclt\u00fcn\u00fcn Roma\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 Bergama Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinin ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli olaylardan biridir. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130skenderiye ile yar\u0131\u015fan k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, gymnasiumlarda verilen edebiyat dersleri, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bilinen ilk k\u00fcre \u015feklindeki modelinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilim merkezleri ve Helenistik d\u00f6nemin en \u00fcnl\u00fc sanatsal yap\u0131t\u0131 Zeus Suna\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yaratan heykelt\u0131ra\u015fl\u0131k okulu ile Bergama antik d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilim merkezi idi. Kitaba giden yolda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olan Par\u015f\u00f6men de bu bilim merkezinde icat edilmi\u015fti. Bergama Krallar\u0131 sanat ve mimarl\u0131k hareketleri ile kentlerini g\u00fczelle\u015ftirip, bu kentleri birer k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve bilim merkezi haline getirirken di\u011fer yandan kentlerinin d\u00f6nemin askeri ve toplumsal karma\u015falar\u0131 i\u00e7inde harap olup gitmesini engellemek i\u00e7in de dayan\u0131\u015fma ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n yan\u0131nda olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Nerede ise t\u00fcm hanedan \u00fcyelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015flara kat\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bergama Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu sava\u015flarda genel olarak Ege ve Yunan Kentlerine \u2013devletlerine kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \n\nKentin bir ba\u015fkent ve hanedanl\u0131k merkezi olarak i\u015fleyi\u015finin ve bu nedenle de uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u015fenliklere, spor m\u00fcsabakalar\u0131na ve farkl\u0131 olaylara ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 ise kentin an\u0131tsal planlamas\u0131n\u0131n bir politik g\u00fc\u00e7 g\u00f6stergesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \n\nOva yerle\u015fiminde in\u015fa edilen \u00e7o\u011fu Helenistik d\u00f6neme ait T\u00fcm\u00fcl\u00fcsler kent peyzaj\u0131n\u0131 tamamlayan \u00f6\u011fe olarak planl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde konumland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda Y\u0131\u011fma Tepenin Kale tepesindeki Athena Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ile do\u011frusal hat \u00fczerinde kurulan g\u00f6rsel ili\u015fkisi ve Maltepe T\u00fcm\u00fcl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn Roma d\u00f6nemi \u0131zgara kent plan\u0131 i\u00e7ine oturan konumu ile sahip oldu\u011fu Traian Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ile g\u00f6rsel ili\u015fkisi bu planl\u0131 yer se\u00e7imlerini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm\u00fcl\u00fcsler ayr\u0131ca antik d\u00f6nemin sadece dinsel \u00f6zelliklerinin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda ailelerin ve kentlilerin \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f atalar\u0131 ile olan duygusal ve politik ili\u015fkilerini ortaya koymas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \n\nKap\u0131kaya Kybele Kaya Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yine Kale Tepesi\u2019ndeki Athena Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ile aras\u0131nda bulunan g\u00f6rsel ba\u011f, Helenistik krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n, sadece kentin kendisini de\u011fil, \u00e7evresindeki dini ve politik idoller ile kentin bir b\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fekilde peyzaj olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7li \u015fekilde planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmektedir. \n\nHelenistik d\u00f6nemin ard\u0131ndan Bergama, Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n son kral\u0131 III. Attolos\u2019un miras b\u0131rakmas\u0131 ile Roma egemenli\u011fine sava\u015fs\u0131z bir \u015fekilde ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Roma d\u00f6neminde kentteki mimari ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fim devam etmi\u015ftir. Kent n\u00fcfusu 150 bini a\u015fan bir metropole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrken, bu n\u00fcfusun ihtiyac\u0131 olan tiyatro, amfitiyatro, meydanlar ve tap\u0131naklar Kale Tepesi\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ovada y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn \u2018\u2019K\u0131z\u0131l Avlu\u2019\u2019 olarak bilinen Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019nin en ihti\u015faml\u0131 tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndan biri olan M\u0131s\u0131r Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 Kale Tepesinin eteklerine, Selinos Deresi\u2019nin \u00fczerini kapatan t\u00fcneller in\u015fa ederek elde edilen d\u00fcz alana in\u015fa edilirken, kale tepesinde say\u0131s\u0131z teras g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halk\u0131n \u2018\u2019t\u00fcnel\u2019\u2019 olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tonozlar ile desteklenmi\u015ftir. K\u0131z\u0131l Avlu Anadolu\u2019nun en b\u00fcy\u00fck tu\u011fla yap\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck Serapis Tap\u0131naklar\u0131ndan biridir. Asklepion Kutsal Alan\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde nerede ise tamamen elden ge\u00e7irilerek, hastane, uyku odalar\u0131, tiyatro, k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve yeni tap\u0131naklar ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Roma imparatorlar\u0131 Kale Tepesi\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc peyzaj\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 bir katk\u0131da da bulunmu\u015f ve d\u00f6nemin mimari s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan bir teknik ile Traian Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Hellenistik ba\u015fkentin peyzaj\u0131n\u0131n en kuvvetli oldu\u011fu Tiyatro caveas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. \n\nRoma d\u00f6neminin sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru din sava\u015flar\u0131 ile \u00e7alkalanan atmosferin t\u00fcm olumsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fayan kent depremlerden de hasar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ard\u0131ndan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde kent \u0130ncil\u2019in son kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u2018\u2019Vahiy\u2019\u2019de bildirilen Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde cemaatin gizlice bulu\u015ftu\u011fu yedi kiliseden birine ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131 nedeni ile bir inan\u0131\u015f merkezi olarak \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu kilisenin \u2018\u2019K\u0131z\u0131l Avlu\u2019\u2019 i\u00e7ine Bizans D\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilen Saint John Klisesi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Romal\u0131lar D\u00f6neminde \u0130.S. II. y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r Tanr\u0131lar\u0131 Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 olarak in\u015fa edilen \u2018\u2019K\u0131z\u0131l Avlu\u2019\u2019 daha sonraki d\u00f6nemlerde Yahudi Cemaatinin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir alana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve sonras\u0131nda ise bir par\u00e7as\u0131 Cami olarak kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile K\u0131z\u0131l Avlu d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde nerede ise bilinen t\u00fcm dinlere ev sahipli\u011fi yapan bir yer olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n kayna\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hatta birle\u015fti\u011fi bu alan bug\u00fcn Bergama kenti i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm ihti\u015fam\u0131 ile y\u00fckselmektedir. \n\nBizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun Arap sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ile sars\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde Bergamal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc Zeus Suna\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n frizlerini de kullanarak depremlerden hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tahmin edilen Helenistik kent surlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi bilinmektedir. 7. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan 14. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen Arap ve T\u00fcrk ak\u0131nlar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan kent 14. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6nce Karesi Beyli\u011fi\u2019ne ve hemen ard\u0131ndan da Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. \nOsmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde yeni bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel katman kazanan kenti; bu kez hanlar, camiler, mescitler, hamamlar, \u00e7e\u015fmeler, tabakhaneler ve arasta ile T\u00fcrk-\u0130slam mimarisinin \u00f6rnekleri s\u00fcslemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131lar d\u00f6neminde Kale Tepesinin eteklerinde Rum n\u00fcfus, Selinos\u2019un g\u00fcneyinde kalan ova yerle\u015fiminde M\u00fcsl\u00fcman n\u00fcfus ve K\u0131z\u0131l avlu \u00e7evresinde ise Yahudi n\u00fcfus ya\u015famakta idi. \n\nOsmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Anadolu kentlerinde g\u00f6zlenen m\u00fctevaz\u0131, yerel teknik ve malzemenin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yerel bezeme tekniklerinin s\u0131k\u00e7a rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok an\u0131tsal ve konut yap\u0131s\u0131 Bergama\u2019da bug\u00fcn ayaktad\u0131r. Do\u011fal topografyan\u0131n takip edildi\u011fi dar sokaklar\u0131, halen geleneksel deri i\u015flemecili\u011fi, kalayc\u0131l\u0131k, yorganc\u0131l\u0131k ve sepet\u00e7ilik gibi el zanaatlar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi arastas\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc m\u00fcze ve koleksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen hal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n dokundu\u011fu at\u00f6lyeleri ile Bergama\u2019da son olarak Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u015fekillenen kentsel hatlar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fam devam etmektedir. \n\nSelinos Deresi\u2019nin ana hatlar\u0131n\u0131 belirledi\u011fi Kale Tepesi ve ova yerle\u015fimi aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 sa\u011flayan k\u00f6pr\u00fcler ise alma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131 ile ve hala kullan\u0131l\u0131yor olmalar\u0131 ile istisnai de\u011fere sahiptirler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde halen kullan\u0131lan bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcler Helen, Roma, Bizans, Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemlerinin t\u00fcm\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, her bir d\u00f6nemde restorasyon g\u00f6rerek, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden alma\u015f\u0131k yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde de ziraat, tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, sanatsal, sosyal ve turistik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00fclkemizin g\u00f6z bebe\u011fi olan Bergama'da, daha ke\u015ffedilemeyi bekleyen pek \u00e7ok zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n da be\u015fi\u011fidir... \n\nEfeler diyar\u0131 Ege ve onun alt\u0131n gerdan\u0131 Bergama; tarihin her d\u00f6neminde oldu\u011fu gibi bu g\u00fcn de, \u00fclkenizin ve t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 olarak; ke\u015ffedilemsi, ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131, korunmas\u0131 ve tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, y\u00f6neticilerden yurtta\u015flara dek, herkesin asli g\u00f6revi olmal\u0131d\u0131r... \n\nEge Denizi kararmadan ve da\u011flar uykuya dalmadan \u00f6nce, Uygarl\u0131k Burcu Bergama'da g\u00fcne\u015fi ilk \u00f6pen gezginlerin, s\u0131rt \u00e7antas\u0131 haz\u0131rlama tela\u015f\u0131 ve yeni yerleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri \u00f6\u011frenme merak\u0131 ile biz de; Anadolu'nun ba\u015fka zenginliklerini ve g\u00fczelliklerini ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in yollarday\u0131z, yeniden...\n\nGezi haritan\u0131zda Bergama'y\u0131 i\u015faretlemeyi unutmay\u0131n\u0131z... Seneye Bergama'n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yan\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek \u00fczere davetliisiniz... \n\nSevimizin s\u0131rda\u015f simgesi olan Su Perisi'nin ar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fifa kayna\u011f\u0131 sihirli su sesi, semada yank\u0131lanan sabah selas\u0131 ile i\u00e7sel yolculu\u011fun kutsal bir daveti olarak bizi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor, yeniden... Bar\u0131\u015f, mutluluk, huzur ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc \u00f6zlemiyle, sevgimizin sebil oldu\u011fu yeni bir g\u00fcne merhaba diyerek, sizi candan selaml\u0131yoruz; Yolunuz ve baht\u0131n\u0131z a\u00e7\u0131k olsun!..\n\nDursun \u00d6zden\nYoleri Yap\u0131m Prod\u00fcksiyon\nwwww.dursunozden.com.tr\/yoleriyapim\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7933.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4594\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7933.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7933\" width=\"800\" height=\"437\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7934.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4595\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7934-1024x614.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7934\" width=\"620\" height=\"371\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7935.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4596\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7935.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7935\" width=\"770\" height=\"450\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7936.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-4597\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7936-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7936\" width=\"620\" height=\"411\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7939.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4598\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7939.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7939\" width=\"444\" height=\"315\"><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7950.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4599\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/IMG_7950.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_7950\" width=\"132\" height=\"200\"><\/a><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bir Turizm Cenneti olan Anadolu&#8217;da, tarihin gizemli co\u011frafyalar\u0131n\u0131 ve alternatif turizmin zengin miraslar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetme yolculu\u011fumuz s\u00fcr\u00fcyor&#8230; Daha \u00f6nce de, siz sevgili izleyicilerin be\u011fenisini kazanan; \u201cUygur Kar\u0131zlar\u0131\u201d, \u201cAnadolu Su Medeniyeti\u201d, \u201cAnadolu Kar\u0131zlar\u0131\u201d, \u201cKutsal Su Zemzem\u201d, \u201cMekke Su Yollar\u0131\u201d, \u201cHan Duvarlar\u0131\u201d gibi belgesellerimizle, hayat\u0131 ke\u015ffetmeye sevam ediyoruz&#8230; \u201cUygarl\u0131k Burcu Bergama\u201d belgeseli ile \u201cMerhaba!\u201d diyerek s\u00f6ze ba\u015flayal\u0131m. Yeniden&#8230; &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4593"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4593"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6265,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4593\/revisions\/6265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4593"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4593"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4593"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}