{"id":4393,"date":"2017-07-08T16:05:03","date_gmt":"2017-07-08T13:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=4393"},"modified":"2017-07-14T00:25:34","modified_gmt":"2017-07-13T21:25:34","slug":"tarihte-buyuk-yuruyusler-ve-hak-hukuk-adalet-yuruyusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=4393","title":{"rendered":"Tarihte B\u00fcy\u00fck Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fler ve “Hak, Hukuk, Adalet Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc”"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00dcY\u00dcK G\u00d6\u00c7<\/b><\/p>\n

Amerika\u2019da \u201cGazap \u00dcz\u00fcmleri\u201d kitab\u0131na esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkileyen 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda ba\u015flayan \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran\u201d d\u00f6neminde; tar\u0131m\u0131n kapitalistle\u015fmesi ve krizler y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yoksulla\u015fan ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015fen emek\u00e7i y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n ayakta kalma m\u00fccadelesinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu destans\u0131 romanda J. Steinbeck; a\u00e7l\u0131k, sefalet ve zorbal\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcnden evlerini terk edip yollara d\u00fc\u015fmek zorunda kalan insanlar\u0131n; Amerika\u2019da kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru ba\u015flayan g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ve y\u00fczlerce kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u201de kat\u0131lan binlerce emek\u00e7inin destans\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

TUZ Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc<\/b><\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran. Ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Buhran bunal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 atlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden duyulmaya ba\u015flayan \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f’n\u0131n ayak sesleri. Avrupa \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131ndaki gerilimin giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada Gandhi, ”Sevgili dostum” diye ba\u015flayan ancak \u0130ngilizlerin engellemesi ile Hitler’in eline hi\u00e7 ge\u00e7meyecek bir mektup kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 23 Temmuz 1939’da Gandi, Almanya\u2019da iktidara gelen fa\u015fist diktat\u00f6r Adolf Hitler’e hitaben yaz\u0131lan bu mektubun \u00f6zeti \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/i><\/p>\n

\u201cDostlar\u0131m insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n iyili\u011fi ad\u0131na size yazmam i\u00e7in \u0131srar ediyorlar. \u0130\u00e7imden bir ses hesap kitap etmeyi b\u0131rakmam\u0131 ve ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun ricam\u0131 dile getirmem gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Almanya’n\u0131n sorunu yaln\u0131zca g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir ancak geriye cevaplanmas\u0131 gereken iki soru kal\u0131yor: Nerede ve ne zaman? \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n vah\u015fice duruma d\u00fc\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7acak bir sava\u015f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebilecek tek ki\u015fi oldu\u011funuz \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Size her ne kadar de\u011ferli g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de bu bedeli \u00f6deyebilecek misiniz?” <\/i><\/p>\n

Gandi’nin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re devlete ve kanunlara kar\u015f\u0131 tepki g\u00f6stermenin yolunun \u015fiddet de\u011fil, pasif direni\u015fti. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011frultusunda S\u00f6m\u00fcrgeci \u0130ngiliz Devleti’nin koydu\u011fu bask\u0131c\u0131 kat\u0131 kanunlara tepki amac\u0131yla, 12 Mart 1930’da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir destek\u00e7i grubu ile Hindistan\u2019da Satyagraha’ya, Tuz Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc’ne ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kanunlara g\u00f6re okyanusa k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Hindistan’da halk\u0131n kendi tuzunu \u00fcretmesi yasakt\u0131. Bunun yerine halk genellikle ithal olarak getirilen ve a\u011f\u0131r vergi konularak sat\u0131lan tuzu almak zorundayd\u0131. Tuz Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, 385 kilometre sonra tamamlansa da Hindistan’da tuz vergisine tepkiler \u00e7\u0131\u011f gibi b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Y\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Gandi’nin kendi de dahil, yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 bin ki\u015fi hapse at\u0131ld\u0131. Bu olay ile birlikte, 17 y\u0131l hapis yatan Gandi, art\u0131k t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya kamuoyunda tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. O \u201cB\u00dcY\u00dcK TUZ Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e\u00dc\u201dn\u00fcn kahraman\u0131 ve bir bar\u0131\u015f el\u00e7isi idi\u2026<\/p>\n

UZUN Y\u00dcR\u00dcY\u00dc\u015e<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019de i\u00e7 sava\u015f ve emperyalizmle m\u00fccadelenin i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerdi. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7inli Kom\u00fcnistler, Mao\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda bir y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek olan Uzun Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in 100 binden fazla emek\u00e7i Jiangxi\u2019den yola \u00e7\u0131kar, yolculuk bitti\u011finde sadece onda biri hayatta kalabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Gerilla birlikleri, d\u00fc\u015fman ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131 yarmak ve \u00e7emberden kurtulmak i\u00e7in kendinden daha kalabal\u0131k ve daha iyi silahlanm\u0131\u015f olan h\u00fck\u00fcmet kuvvetleriyle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fa \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fa kuzeybat\u0131ya do\u011fru, zorlu bir da\u011fl\u0131k arazide 10 000 kilometre yol y\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

Uzun Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u2019\u00fcn mimarlar\u0131 ve hayatta kalan 10 bin ki\u015fi, \u00c7in devriminin de ate\u015fleyici kuvvetini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Bu zorlu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ard\u0131ndan \u00c7in Kom\u00fcnist Partisi ve Mao, milliyet\u00e7i tepkiden de destek alarak, kendi y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki topraklarda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131mla\u015fma ekipleri olu\u015fturarak ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Mao ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, Parti\u2019nin genel direktiflerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak, zengin k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin deste\u011fini yitirmemek i\u00e7in, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sert bir tar\u0131m reformundan ka\u00e7\u0131nmay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Sonradan Mao bunun i\u00e7in \u201chedefe giden her yol me\u015frudur\u201d diyecekti.<\/p>\n

Mao, Guonmindang\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcren sava\u015f ve Kuzey \u00c7in k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde harekete ge\u00e7irili\u015fi sonucunda, 1 Ekim 1949\u2019da Pekin\u2019de Tian An Men Meydan\u0131\u2019nda co\u015fkulu kalabal\u0131\u011fa bir bildiri okuyarak \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni ilan etti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in efsanevi lideri Mao Ze Tung; Pekin Tian An Men Meydan\u0131\u2019nda binlerce ki\u015finin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplant\u0131da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Uzun Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u2019\u00fcn zaferle ta\u00e7lanan konu\u015fmas\u0131na \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flad\u0131: \u201cYolda\u015flar ben \u00c7in\u2019in Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcy\u00fcm\u2026\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

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$\"abdulcanbaz\"$ <\/a>
\n $\"adalet$ $\"adalet$ <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"