{"id":419,"date":"2013-09-09T14:56:05","date_gmt":"2013-09-09T11:56:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.liliumreklam.com\/dur\/?p=419"},"modified":"2014-03-18T00:17:43","modified_gmt":"2014-03-17T22:17:43","slug":"kazandan-kizila-tren-yolculugu-pendik-pekin-10-adim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=419","title":{"rendered":"Naz\u0131m’\u0131n sevgilisi DR. GAL\u0130NA 97 YA\u015eINDA \u00d6LD\u00dc"},"content":{"rendered":"

$\"13b\"$ <\/a> $\"cumhuriyet\"$ <\/a>NAZIM H\u0130KMET’\u0130N SEVG\u0130L\u0130S\u0130 VE DOKTORU GAL\u0130NA, BU G\u00dcN 97 YA\u015eINDA VOTK\u0130NSK’DEK\u0130 EV\u0130NDE \u00d6LD\u00dc. GE\u00c7T\u0130\u011e\u0130M\u0130Z 2013 A\u011eUSTOS \u00a0AYINDA 96. YA\u015e G\u00dcN\u00dcN\u00dc B\u0130RL\u0130KTE KUTLADI\u011eIM SEVG\u0130L\u0130 GAL\u0130NA’NIN \u00d6ZEL R\u00d6PORTAJI, NAZIM H\u0130KMET SEVDALILARI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N \u00c7OK ANLAMLI S\u00d6YLEM VE G\u00d6RSELLERLE DOLU. DR. GAL\u0130NA’NIN NAZIM H\u0130KMET’E A\u0130T \u00d6ZEL E\u015eYALARI VE BELGELER\u0130 DURSUN \u00d6ZDEN AR\u015e\u0130V\u0130NDE. Bectu Gazetesi yazar\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131m Tataina’n\u0131n bu ac\u0131 haberi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fcm.<\/h1>\n
Galina ile Sibirya’da KAM Dans\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n
$\"\"$ “EY ROMANT\u0130K T\u00dcRK \u015eA\u0130R\u0130, SENDE NAZIM KOKUSU VAR. AL SANA NAZIM’IN \u0130PEK KIRAVATI, KALEM\u0130, KALEM KUTUSU VE \u00d6ZEL NOTLARI. ARMA\u011eANIM OLSUN…” <\/span><\/strong>Ben YOLER\u0130 gezgin dervi\u015f. Suyun izini s\u00fcrmek, bilinmeyeni merak etmek, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve co\u011frafyalar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek, fark\u0131n fark\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yollarday\u0131m yine… Transsibir Treni ile 10 g\u00fcnde 10 bin kilometre. Evliya $\"\"$ <\/span><\/span>\u00c7elebi\u2019nin s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fi Rus samur k\u00fcrklerinin anavatan\u0131 Sibirya\u2019ya samur i\u00e7in de\u011fil ama sabr\u0131m\u0131 denemek, 1953-1960 aras\u0131nda, Naz\u0131m’\u0131 4 kez \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtaran doktoru ve sevgilisi Galina’y\u0131 evinde ziyaret etmek ve Naz\u0131m’\u0131n bilinmeyen y\u00f6nlerini ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in<\/span><\/strong>; az\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131,\u00a0 kitaplar\u0131m\u0131, foto\u011fraf makinam\u0131 ve s\u0131rt \u00e7antam\u0131 al\u0131p d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm yollara… $\"\"$ Ayn\u0131 yollardan\u00a01953’de Naz\u0131m da ge\u00e7mi\u015fti.<\/strong> Hem okuyor, hem de geziyorum… G\u00f6zlemliyor, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor, belgeliyor, konu\u015fuyor ve yaz\u0131yorum…\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0galina<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0it was ten feet from pendik to beijing<\/span><\/p>\n
by train on her purple lip mark<\/span><\/p>\n
siberia\u2019s pants were down, kham<\/span><\/p>\n
forbidden dream, captive mind<\/span><\/p>\n
milked the sun on the wet rails\u00a0<\/span>eye fountains gurgled<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
the red moon under which wind passes<\/span><\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/p>\n
the red moon on which there are hands awoke<\/span><\/p>\n
on the bridgehead and floodgate<\/span><\/p>\n
the mountain on which I sat down\u00a0<\/span>was a wild mare<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
the sky neighed; its mane was a wind<\/span><\/p>\n
naz\u0131m was river running to sea<\/span><\/p>\n
irina was volga; tatiana was baikal\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span>galine had ice blue looks<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
you were that scream inside of me<\/span><\/p>\n
my heart turned to a mountain<\/span><\/p>\n

\nI fell in love with a poem<\/span><\/p>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 crying as she was kissed.<\/span>
\nYol ve dil bilmeden, 21 g\u00fcn s\u00fcren tren yolculu\u011fun t\u00fcm ser\u00fcven dolu zorluklar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engelleri, Sibirya\u2019da 40 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki insanlarda hala bir \u00fctopya, umut ve y\u00fckselen de\u011fer olan Leninizm,\u00a0Kemalizm ve T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sayesinde a\u015f\u0131yorum… D\u00fc\u015flerimin ard\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm yeniden… Ne mutlu bana…\u00a0Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal \u2013 \u0130lyi\u00e7 Lenin aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan tarihi mektupla\u015fmalarla filizlenen T\u00fcrkiye-Sovyet Rusya ili\u015fkileri, bu g\u00fcn Rusya Federasyonu ile T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f ve Dostluk Derne\u011fi\u2019nin \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; iki kom\u015fu \u00fclke resmi ve sivil insiyatiflerin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f ve dost ili\u015fkileri sonucu giderek art\u0131yor ve stratejik bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor. Avrasya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor… Rusya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sergey Lavrov\u2019un dedi\u011fi gibi: \u201cOmuz omuzay\u0131z ve ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne bak\u0131yoruz…\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n
Rus \u015fair ve gezgin Tyut\u00e7ev: <\/span>\u201cRusya ak\u0131lla anla\u015f\u0131lmaz \/ ar\u015f\u0131nla da \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmez \/ Rusya\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ba\u015fkad\u0131r\/ Rusya\u2019ya sadece iman edilir…\u201d <\/em>derken, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n gizemli ve bereketli topraklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bu dizelerin anlam\u0131 daha iyi a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n
XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda – XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan toplam uzunlu\u011fu 9332 kilometrelik Transsibirya Demiryolu Hatt\u0131\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Sibirya \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mektedir. Bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc toplam uzunlu\u011fu ise 10 bin kilometreyi bulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu uzun, zor, yorucu, ser\u00fcven dolu ama bir o kadar da insana ayr\u0131cal\u0131k ve keyf veren; farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri, yeni insanlar\u0131 ve co\u011frafyalar\u0131 ke\u015ffetme ve \u00f6\u011frenme heyecan\u0131, beni yeniden yollarl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc… Fark\u0131 fark etmek i\u00e7in, Turnalar zaman\u0131\u00a0 \u201cYoleri\u201d olmak kolay m\u0131?<\/p>\n
Yol haritamda 66. \u00fclke olarak Rusya Federasyonu ve \u00f6zellikle Sibirya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015faretlemi\u015ftim. Ko\u015fullar bu g\u00fcneymi\u015f… T\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 tamamlad\u0131m ve k\u0131\u015f bast\u0131rmadan Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n yolunu tuttum… \u00dc\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcren bir yolculuk bu… Tek ba\u015f\u0131ma, az bir parayla ve s\u0131rt\u0131mda a\u011f\u0131r bir \u00e7anta ile d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm yollara, yeniden…<\/p>\n
\u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc u\u00e7akla Tataristan\u2019\u0131n Ba\u015fkenti Kazan\u2019dan yapmak \u00fczere planlad\u0131m bu geziyi… \u00d6nce \u0130stanbul-Petersburg aras\u0131 bir u\u00e7ak yolculu\u011funun ard\u0131ndan trenle yolculu\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131m… Atlas Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan St. Petersburg\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p, Moskova, N. Novgrod, Kazan, \u0130shevsk, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Novasibirsk, K\u0131z\u0131l, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk gibi ana istasyonlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu t\u00fcm Sibirya\u2019y\u0131 bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya trenle ge\u00e7erek 6 saat zaman fark\u0131 sonunda Pasivik Okyanusu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan Vladivostok\u2019a gidilen zaman, yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 g\u00fcn\u00fc bulmaktad\u0131r. Elbette yatakl\u0131 bu uzun tren yolculu\u011funun da kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc keyf veren yanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. S\u0131cak, candan, konuksever ve payla\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olan Sibirya insanlar\u0131yla yolculuk daha bir zevkli oluyor.<\/p>\n
Yolcu vagonu i\u00e7inde kap\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayan 6 ki\u015filik kompartmanlardaki yol arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131zla ayn\u0131 sofray\u0131 payla\u015fmak ve so\u011fuk gevelerde a\u011f\u0131z dolusu g\u00fclerek votka i\u00e7mek, bir ba\u015fka g\u00fczel… Rus\u00e7a bilmiyorsan\u0131z sorun de\u011fil, Sibirya\u2019da mutlaka T\u00fcrk\u00e7e bilen birine denk geliyorsunuz. Sibirya\u2019da \u0130ngilizce bilmek bir i\u015fe yaram\u0131yor. Sibirya\u2019da \u0130ngilizce \u201cOut\u201d, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u201cIn\u201d<\/em> Burada ge\u00e7erli dil Rus\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7edir…\u00a0 U\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z verimli ova ve steplerde \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yol alan elektrikli Transit Sibirya Treni, d\u00fcnya standartlar\u0131ndan 8 cm. geni\u015f olarak 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131lan demiryolu, k\u0131\u015f\u0131n buzlanmas\u0131n diye rezistans sistemiyle \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Tarihi \u00f6zellikleri korunarak restora edilen tren istasyonlar\u0131nda beklerken, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015farak yan\u0131n\u0131za yakla\u015fan Azeri cep\u00e7ilere aman dikkat!… Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yol boyunca endi\u015fesiz yolculuk edebilirsiniz… Asya\u2019da ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn binlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k izi ile kucakla\u015fmak i\u00e7in her \u015feye katlanmaya raz\u0131yd\u0131m… Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresindeki \u015eaman (Kam) dans\u0131 ile alevlere kap\u0131l\u0131p sonsuz ve zamans\u0131z evrende yitip gitmek i\u00e7in, Kutsal \u015eaman Ana\u2019n\u0131n g\u0131rtlaktan s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fark\u0131larla moral bulmak ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zengin miras\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131md\u0131 benimkisi. Tataristan\u2019da Kazan kentinde bin y\u0131ldan beri ve Volga Nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130dil Bulgar T\u00fcrkleri\u2019nin ve Ruslar\u0131n XIV. yy\u2019dan beri birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc sergilediklerine tan\u0131k olmak ve\u00a0 Altay, Hakas ve Tuva b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan \u015eaman T\u00fcrkler\u2019den selam ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k getirmek i\u00e7in yollarla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm… Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok kentini, kasabas\u0131n\u0131 yeniden imar eden ve Kazan kentini ba\u015ftan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Milenyum\u2019a haz\u0131rlayan \u00c7\u0131lg\u0131n T\u00fcrk yat\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan Kristal \u0130n\u015faat\u2019\u0131n sahibi Metin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi gibi: \u201cSibirya\u2019da Leninizm ve Kemalizm, y\u00fckselen de\u011fer…\u201d Bir g\u00fczel \u00fctopya olan bu y\u00fckselen de\u011ferlerin izlerini yerinde g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in yollarday\u0131m…<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylesi \u00fc\u00e7 hafta s\u00fcren bir yolculuk i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k en az 3 bin dolar ay\u0131rman\u0131z gerekli. \u00d6nceden bir miktar (500 dolar kadar) paran\u0131z\u0131 Rubleye \u00e7evirip, kalan miktar\u0131 ise \u00fczerinizdeki sota \u00e7eplerde bulundurunuz.\u00a0 M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse bozuk para ile al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yap\u0131n\u0131z… Boydan boya gidilen bu uzun tren yolculu\u011fu elbette tasvip edilecek t\u00fcrden de\u011fildir. Yol haritan\u0131za mutlaka mola verip \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekece\u011finiz ve r\u00f6portaj yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yerleri \u00f6nceden i\u015faretlemeyi unutmay\u0131n. Bu yerler hakk\u0131nda mutlaka bilgili olun. Geziden \u00f6nce ya da gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda gidece\u011finiz yerlerle ilgili kitap ya da ba\u015fka kaynaklar\u0131 okuyunuz ve harita \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131n\u0131z. Yola \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi; a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z, sa\u011fl\u0131k yolculuk i\u00e7in ilk yard\u0131m malzemeniz, vize s\u00fcreniz, seyahat belgeniz, \u00fclke giri\u015f beyannameniz, mevsime uygun giysi ve temizlik gere\u00e7leriniz. Konserve t\u00fcr\u00fc yiyecekler, ekmek, votka, kuru yemi\u015f, s\u0131v\u0131 sabun, havlu gibi gere\u00e7lerin oldu\u011fu yol az\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ve \u00e7antan\u0131z\u0131 ba\u015fucunuzdan ya da yatak alt\u0131ndan ay\u0131rmay\u0131n\u0131z. Foto\u011fraf makinan\u0131z\u0131, filmlerinizi, \u015farz ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve telefonunuzu a\u00e7\u0131kta b\u0131rakmay\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Siz bana uyup bir delilik yapmadan, mutlaka b\u00f6ylesi bir uzun ve zor yolculu\u011fa en az iki ki\u015fi \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n\u0131z…\u00a0 Gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda mutlak not tutun ve her ak\u015fam g\u00fcnl\u00fck yazmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n… Ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fcn plan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeden \u00f6nce, yar\u0131n i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun…\u00a0 Bo\u015f ge\u00e7en ve unutulan zaman ve i\u015f, bir daha geri gelmeyece\u011fi i\u00e7in affedilmez… B\u00f6yle durumlarda kendi kendinize ceza verebilirsiniz… Sizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131zdan al\u0131koyacak alkol, kad\u0131n ve ba\u015fka \u015feylerden uzak durun ve her ko\u015fulda korunmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n\u0131z… Daha \u00e7ok i\u015f, daha \u00e7ok gezi i\u00e7in sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmak gerek…<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sizin ke\u015ffedece\u011finiz daha d\u00fcnyalar var… D\u00fcnyan\u0131n renkleri ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri sizi bekliyor… Ya\u015fama dokunun ve u\u00e7uk, ayk\u0131r\u0131 mutlulu\u011fun dayan\u0131lmaz hafifli\u011fini ya\u015fay\u0131n… D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 66 halini g\u00f6ren bir gezgin dervi\u015f olarak, t\u00fcm farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131n birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131na varabilece\u011fimizin deneyimlerini payla\u015f\u0131yorum sizlerle… \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc; sevgim sebil…<\/p>\n
S\u0130B\u0130RYA, BEREKETL\u0130 VE RENGARENK B\u0130R D\u00dcNYA CENNET\u0130<\/p>\n
Sibirya co\u011frafik anlamdan \u00e7ok, bir \u015fekildir. Sibirya bir d\u00fcnya cennetidir. Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi, \u00f6zellikle turisler, Ural Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda do\u011fuya do\u011fru bulunan her \u015feyin, Asya k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n Sibirya oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedir. Orada bulunmayan kimseler i\u00e7in t\u00fcm bu kocaman \u015fehirlerden, taygadan, denizlerden, nehirlerden, g\u00f6llerden ve batakl\u0131klardan olu\u015fan alan kar, dondurucu so\u011fuklar, devasa mesafeler ve yabanilik gibi s\u0131fatlar ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmektedirler.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ekte ise, Sibirya \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe ve \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fken bir y\u00fcze sahiptir. Sibirya\u2019y\u0131 ancak me\u015frut bir \u015fekilde b\u00f6lgelere ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Sibirya, Altay, Tuva ve Hakasya, Savanlar ve Zabaykalye, Yakutistan. Krayniy Sever\u2019i (U\u00e7 Kuzey B\u00f6lgesini) de aynen me\u015frut bir \u015fekilde Sibirya\u2019ya eklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya 7 bin kilometre, kuzeyden g\u00fcneye 3,5 bin kilometre, 10 bin metrekare, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan neredeyse 20 adet Fransa eder.\u00a0 Sibirya i\u015fte budur!<\/p>\n
Sibirya\u2019ya ilk giren Avrupal\u0131lar, Rus Kuzeylileri olan Pomorlar\u2019d\u0131. Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n ilk Rus \u015fehirleri, Kazak Ataman Ermak\u2019\u0131n XVI. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 seferlerden sonra in\u015fa edilen kalelerden b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek olu\u015fan Obdorsk, T\u00fcmen ve Tobolsk \u015fehirleridir.<\/p>\n
Bu b\u00f6lge \u00e7ok zengin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 halen insan taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f olan bir b\u00f6lgedir. Daha \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden bile B\u00fcy\u00fck Ayd\u0131n Rus Bilim Adam\u0131 Mikhail Lomonosov, \u201cRusya g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Sibirya sayesinde artaca\u011f\u0131\u201d kehanetinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Buradaki gaz ve petrol, alt\u0131n ve elmas yataklar\u0131, k\u00fcrk, hayvan, bal\u0131k ve tertemiz i\u00e7me suyu rezervleri, muhte\u015fem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir, nehirler \u00fczerinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrik santralleri in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Genel olarak Sibirya\u2019daki her \u015fey devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir: Ob, \u0130rt\u0131\u015f, Yenisey, Angara ve Lena nehirleri, Altay ve Sayan da\u011flar\u0131, Baykal ve Teletskoye g\u00f6lleri. Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fc Do\u011fu Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n incisidir. Bu g\u00f6l en derin ve muhtemelen d\u00fcnyadaki en eski g\u00f6l olup, ya\u015f\u0131 25 milyon y\u0131l civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6lde, tertemiz ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u015feffafl\u0131kta olarak d\u00fcnya tatl\u0131 su rezervlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte biri toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 30 santim \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki beyaz bir halkay\u0131 g\u00f6le att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z takdirde bu halka Baykal suyunun 40 metre derinlik alt\u0131nda bile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. G\u00f6l, deniz seviyesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 metre y\u00fckseklikte bulunmaktad\u0131r. Baykal\u2019da 1850 \u00e7e\u015fit hayvan ve 850 t\u00fcr bitki ya\u015famakta olup, bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funa sadece burada rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
S\u0130B\u0130RYA B\u0130R D\u00dcNYA CENNET\u0130<\/p>\n
Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n dondurucu so\u011fuklar\u0131 da kendince g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer bir Sibirya \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Bazen so\u011fuklar 40 ve 50 dereceye kadar varabilmektedir. Hatta 25\u201330 derecelik so\u011fuklar\u0131 yerel halk fark etmemekte olup, bunlar bir k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in normal s\u0131cakl\u0131k dereceleridir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, Sibirya g\u00fcneyindeki yazlar yeteri kadar s\u0131cak olup, 30 derecedir. Suyun serin kalmas\u0131na bakmadan, Temmuz ay\u0131nda bile su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak 17\u201318 derece kadar olup, gene de y\u00fczmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buralarda, say\u0131s\u0131zca hidroelektrik santrallerinin baraj g\u00f6lleri olan suni denizler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk ve \u0130rkutsk gibi en b\u00fcy\u00fck nehirleri Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcney k\u0131sm\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Krasnoyarskiy Kray b\u00f6lgesinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer \u00f6\u011fesi – Stolb\u0131d\u0131r (S\u00fctunlard\u0131r). Buras\u0131 Do\u011fu Sayan\u2019lar\u0131n kanatlar\u0131ndaki emsalsiz bir koruma b\u00f6lgesidir. Da\u011f k\u00fctleleri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 100 metreye varan yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 adet kaya grubunu olu\u015fturmu\u015flarad\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerine uygun isimleri vard\u0131r: Ded (Dede), Baba, Berkut (\u015eahin), Perya (Ku\u015f T\u00fcyleri), Krepost (Kale). Buras\u0131, alpinistlerin ve da\u011f t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n severek topland\u0131klar\u0131 bir yerdir. Hatta Krasnoyarsk\u2019ta, Yenisey\u2019den a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya uzak kuzey k\u00f6\u015fesi Dudinki ve Dikson\u2019a kadar vapur turlar\u0131na bile ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Gorn\u0131y Altay (Da\u011fl\u0131 Altay) \u00f6zel bir \u00e7ekicili\u011fe sahiptir. B\u00f6lgenin i\u015fareti Teletskoye G\u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yerel halk bu g\u00f6le Alt\u0131n G\u00f6l der. Bu b\u00f6lge yaya turistleri, kayak\u00e7\u0131lar, alpinistler ve at gezileri hayranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir yerdir. Dayanma g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc ve cesaretinizi deneyebilece\u011finiz zorlu su g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131, Katun, Ba\u015fkaus, \u00c7uya ve \u00c7ul\u0131m\u015fan nehirlerinden ge\u00e7mektedir. Altay\u2019\u0131n en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 olan Beluha Da\u011f\u0131na (4056 metre) t\u0131rmanmak prestij getiren bir \u015feydir. Mejdure\u00e7ensk \u015fehrinin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Gornaya \u015eorya\u2019da donan\u0131ml\u0131 da\u011f kayak yollar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Taygan\u0131n u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z geni\u015fliklerinde Orta Sibirya platosunun k\u0131yasla y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 olan gizemli Putorana Platosu kaybolmu\u015ftur. Yerel halk Evenk\u2019lerin dilinde Putorana Dik K\u0131y\u0131l\u0131 G\u00f6ller \u00dclkesi demektir. Platoyu, g\u00f6lleri olu\u015fturarak 1000 metreye kadar derinlikteki ovalar kesmektedir. B\u00f6lgenin en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 olan Kamen Da\u011f\u0131ndan (Ta\u015f Da\u011f\u0131) bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00f6zlerinizin \u00f6n\u00fcne y\u00fczlerce kilometrelik alan\u0131 kapsayan bir manzara serilir. Su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bir dizi \u015felale olu\u015fturarak ovalar\u0131n dik yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 akmaktad\u0131r. Tabii ki buralara kadar hi\u00e7bir yol gelmemekte, turistler y\u00fczlerce kilometreleri a\u015farak helikopterler ile gelirler.<\/p>\n
Kuzey Ren geyi\u011fi Kuzeyin as\u0131l yerli halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir. Ren geyi\u011fine binerler, geyikleri nartlara ko\u015farlar, derisinden elbise ve ayakkab\u0131 dikerler, yerel halk\u0131n evleri olan \u00e7umlar\u0131 \u00f6rterler, Ren geyi\u011finin eti ise y\u00fczlerce sene \u00f6ncesinde de oldu\u011fu gibi kuzeylilerin ana yeme\u011fi olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019da Yenisey nehrinin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda az n\u00fcfuslu halklar olan Hakaslar, Tuval\u0131lar, Yakutlar ve Buryatlar ikamet ederler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Hakaslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 sadece 80 bin, Tuval\u0131lar ise 200 binden daha azd\u0131r. Bu halklar\u0131n temsilcileri emsalsiz bir \u015fekildeki bo\u011fazdan \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleme sanat\u0131na h\u00e2kimdirler. \u015eark\u0131c\u0131, kelimeleri s\u00f6ylemez, ancak bo\u011faz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 seslerde bazen koca bir orkestran\u0131n sesini, bazen at toynaklar\u0131n\u0131n sesini bazen de vah\u015fi hayvan\u0131n h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 inlemeleri duyulur. Bu mahareti daha \u00e7ocukken \u00f6\u011frenirler, ama herkesin yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey. Bo\u011fazdan s\u00f6ylenen \u015farklar\u0131n sadece erkekler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenmesi \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n
Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcney ve do\u011fusuna do\u011fru bulunan Buryatya Rusya\u2019daki Budizm merkezidir. Burada 30\u2019a yak\u0131n Budist datsanlar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. Steplerin t\u00fcm g\u00f6\u00e7ebe halklar\u0131nda da oldu\u011fu gibi Buryatlar her zaman i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten de ata tap\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. At s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi her at\u0131n\u0131 bire bir tan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nsan Dostu Atlar, rivayet ve masallar\u0131n ba\u015fkahraman\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131srak s\u00fct\u00fc k\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ise tedavi edici g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir.<\/p>\n
Kom\u015fu Tuva\u2019da an\u0131tla i\u015faretlenmi\u015f olan Asya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafik merkezi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yollar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok az ve engebelidir, fakat b\u00f6lgenin masals\u0131 g\u00fczelli\u011fi gezginleri kendine \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n
Rusya\u2019da k\u0131yasla yeni say\u0131labilecek s\u0131ra d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir turizm \u015fekli olan Kuzey Kutbuna yolculuk ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Turist gruplar\u0131 Moskova\u2019dan u\u00e7akla al\u0131narak Spicbergen tak\u0131madas\u0131na getirilirler ve oradan da helikopterler ile Kuzey Kutbunun hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki buz \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7ad\u0131r kamp\u0131na getirilirler. Turistler burada birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7irir ve ayr\u0131ca e\u011flenirler de: k\u00f6pek ko\u015fumlar\u0131na biner, kar motorlar\u0131nda h\u0131z yapar, buz t\u00fcmseklerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flere \u00e7\u0131kar, hava balonlar\u0131 ile bembeyaz sessiz alanlar \u00fczerine y\u00fckselirler. Kampta kutup saunas\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli atraksiyonlar bile var. Uygun hava olu\u015fur olu\u015fmaz turistler helikopterle k\u0131sa mesafedeki 90″00″00″00″ koordinatlara sahip co\u011frafik noktaya ula\u015f\u0131rlar. Mutlu gezginler uydu telefonu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile aile ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 aramak imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olurlar ve gezegenin en kuzey noktas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir memnuniyetle foto\u011fraf \u00e7ektirirler.<\/p>\n
1. Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n dondurucu so\u011fuklar\u0131 da kendince ya\u015fanmaya de\u011fer bir \u00f6\u011fedir. Bazen so\u011fuklar 40 ve 50 dereceye kadar varabilmektedir. 25\u201330 derecelik so\u011fuklar\u0131 ise yerel halk hatta fark etmemekte olup, bunlar bir k\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in normal s\u0131cakl\u0131klard\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Sibirya g\u00fcneyindeki yazlar yeteri kadar s\u0131cak olup, 30 derecedir. Temmuz ay\u0131nda bile su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak 17\u201318 derece kadar olup, suyun serin kalmas\u0131na bakmadan, y\u00fczmek bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Buralarda, say\u0131s\u0131zca hidroelektrik santrallerinin baraj g\u00f6lleri olan suni denizler bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. 19 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda 20 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olan Transsibirya demiryolu hatt\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Sibirya \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7mektedir. Hatt\u0131n toplam uzunlu\u011fu 9332 kilometredir. Sibirya geni\u015fliklerindeki ana ula\u015f\u0131m arteri olarak kalmaya devam eden Trannsib demir yolunun baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda halen yedek karayolu bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. Sibirya \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ve \u00e7ok y\u00fczl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sibirya\u2019y\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere ay\u0131rmak ancak me\u015frut bir \u015fekilde m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Sibirya, Altay, Tuva ve Hakasya, Savanlar ve Zabaykalye, Yakutistan. Krayniy Sever\u2019i (U\u00e7 Kuzey B\u00f6lgesini) de aynen me\u015frut bir \u015fekilde Sibirya\u2019ya eklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bat\u0131dan do\u011fuya 7 bin kilometre, kuzeyden g\u00fcneye 3,5 bin kilometre, 10 bin metrekare, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc bak\u0131m\u0131ndan neredeyse 20 adet Fransa – Sibirya i\u015fte budur!<\/p>\n
4. Bu b\u00f6lge \u00e7ok zengin ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 halen insan taraf\u0131ndan ke\u015ffedilmemi\u015f olan bir b\u00f6lgedir. Daha \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden bile B\u00fcy\u00fck Ayd\u0131n Rus Bilim Adam\u0131 Mikhail Lomonosov, \u201cRusya g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn Sibirya sayesinde artaca\u011f\u0131\u201d kehanetinde bulunmu\u015ftur. Buradaki gaz ve petrol, alt\u0131n ve elmas yataklar\u0131, k\u00fcrk, hayvan, bal\u0131k, tertemiz i\u00e7me suyu rezervleri muhte\u015fem b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir, nehirler \u00fczerinde d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrik santralleri in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Genel olarak Sibirya\u2019daki her \u015fey devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcktedir: Ob, \u0130rt\u0131\u015f, Yenisey, Angara ve Lena nehirleri, Altay ve Sayan da\u011flar\u0131, Baykal ve Teletskoye g\u00f6lleri.<\/p>\n
5. Krasnoyarskiye Stolb\u0131 – Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde, Do\u011fu Sayan\u2019lar\u0131n kanatlar\u0131ndaki emsalsiz koruma b\u00f6lgesidir. Da\u011f k\u00fctleleri \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, y\u00fcksekli\u011fi 100 metreye varan yakla\u015f\u0131k 80 adet kaya grubunu olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerine uygun isimleri vard\u0131r: Ded (Dede), Baba, Berkut (\u015eahin), Perya (Ku\u015f T\u00fcyleri), Krepost (Kale). Buras\u0131 alpinistlerin ve da\u011f t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n severek topland\u0131klar\u0131 bir yerdir. Koruma b\u00f6lgesi, \u015fehrin sakinlerinin inisiyatifi ile \u015fairane siyenit stolblar\u0131n\u0131n (s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n) korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fczel manzaralar ve kayalar, sanat adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya gelmeleri ve fikir teatisinde bulunduklar\u0131 bir merkez haline gelmi\u015ftir. T\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu kayalar d\u00fcnya derecesindeki muhte\u015fem kaya t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 ve alpinistler okulunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
6. Yenisey – Sibirya\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en dolgun nehridir. Yenisey\u2019i 22 bin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131rmak besler. Nehrin, Sayan Da\u011flar\u0131ndaki yukar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde iki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z nehir yataklar\u0131 olan B\u00fcy\u00fck ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Yenisey\u2019den olu\u015ftu\u011fu \u00e7ok az ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan bilinir. Bunlar\u0131n 4 bin kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki ortak yolu Asya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafik merkezinde ba\u015flar, daha sonra Yenisey, Krasnoyarski Kray b\u00f6lgesinden ge\u00e7erek Kuzey Buz Denizine akar, Yenisey Nehrinin geni\u015fli\u011fi baz\u0131 yerlerinde 3 kilometreye kadar ula\u015f\u0131r, \u00e7ay\u0131n diplerindeki sekilerde ise 15 kilometreye yay\u0131l\u0131r. T\u00fcm bu yolun vapurla kat etmek, Yenisey\u2019in g\u00fczelli\u011fini ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011ferlendirmek, taygan\u0131n tundraya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u201cokyanusun karde\u015fini\u201d g\u00f6rmek,\u00a0 Yenisey k\u0131y\u0131 \u015fehirlerini ziyaret etmek ve \u0130garki b\u00f6lgesinde Kuzey Kutup Dairesinin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7mek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yenisey yaln\u0131zca g\u00fczel bir nehir de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc elektrik enerjisi kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7. Emsalsiz yeralt\u0131 ebedi buz m\u00fczesi, Kuzey Kutup Dairesinin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u0130garka\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eehrin kendisi ebedi buz \u00fczerinde yerle\u015fmektedir, teste tabi tutulan yeralt\u0131 ma\u011faras\u0131n\u0131n kamaralar\u0131n\u0131n birinde 12 metre derinlikteki buz lenslerinin, topra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir temel haline getirerek ebedi bir \u015fekilde topra\u011fa kaynam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok net bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. M\u00fcze ekspozisyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda donmu\u015f toprak veya buz k\u00fctleleri i\u00e7indeki mamut kemiklerinin, bal\u0131k ve hayvan bedenlerinin, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
8. Lena nehri, Ust-Kut\u2019un a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131nda, ormanla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc tepeli (1000\u20131500 metre) Leno-Ankarskoye platosunu kesip ge\u00e7mektedir. Bu, devasa b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki Sibirya nehri, sular\u0131n\u0131 derin ovadan keserek a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yol \u00fczerinden ta\u015f\u0131makta, kayasal dik k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a su y\u00fczeyinden 300 metreye kadar y\u00fckselmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok yerde nehrin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f olan ve 500 kilometreden daha uzun bir mesafeye yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik yap\u0131lara benzeyen \u00fcnl\u00fc Lenskiye Stolb\u0131 (Lena S\u00fctunlar\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Ovan\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi 1 ila 10 kilometre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte olup, \u00f6rne\u011fin, nehir suyunun 200 metrelik kanyona s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu Pyan\u0131y B\u0131k (Sarho\u015f \u00d6k\u00fcz) gibi, yanaklar diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan dar ge\u00e7itlerden ge\u00e7mektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015fik yerlerde suyun ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 da de\u011fi\u015fiktir.<\/p>\n
9. Putorana Platosu, taygan\u0131n u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z geni\u015fliklerinde kaybolmu\u015ftur. Putorana Platosu Orta Sibirya platosunun k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek bir noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Yerel halk Evenk\u2019lerin dilinde Putorana Dik K\u0131y\u0131l\u0131 G\u00f6ller \u00dclkesi demektir. Platoyu g\u00f6lleri olu\u015fturarak 1000 metreye kadar derinlikteki ovalar kesmektedir. B\u00f6lgenin en y\u00fcksek noktas\u0131 olan Kamen Da\u011f\u0131ndan (Ta\u015f Da\u011f\u0131) g\u00f6zlerinizin \u00f6n\u00fcne y\u00fczlerce kilometrelik alan\u0131 kapsayan bir manzara serilmektedir. Su ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 bir dizi \u015felale olu\u015fturarak ovalar\u0131n dik yama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 akar. Tabii ki buralara kadar hi\u00e7bir yol gelmemektedir, turistler y\u00fczlerce kilometreleri a\u015farak helikopterler ile gelirler.<\/p>\n
10. Kuzey Ren geyi\u011fi Kuzeyin as\u0131l halklar\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131ymet olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir. Ren geyi\u011fine binerler, geyikleri nartlara ko\u015farlar, derisinden elbise ve ayakkab\u0131 dikerler, yerel halk\u0131n evleri olan \u00e7umlar\u0131 \u00f6rterler, Ren geyi\u011finin eti ise y\u00fczlerce sene \u00f6ncesinde de oldu\u011fu gibi kuzeylilerin ana yeme\u011fi olarak kalmaya devam etmektedir.<\/p>\n
11. Kuzey Kutbu seyahatleri Rusya\u2019da k\u0131yasla daha yeni ba\u015flayan egzotik turizm t\u00fcrlerinden biridir. Turist gruplar\u0131 Moskova\u2019dan u\u00e7akla al\u0131narak Spicbergen tak\u0131madas\u0131na getirilirler ve oradan da helikopterler ile Kuzey Kutbunun hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki buz \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7ad\u0131r kamp\u0131na getirilirler. Turistler burada birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7irir ve ayr\u0131ca e\u011flenirler de: k\u00f6pek ko\u015fumlar\u0131na biner, kar motorlar\u0131nda h\u0131z yapar, buz t\u00fcmseklerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015flere \u00e7\u0131kar, hava balonlar\u0131 ile bembeyaz sessiz alanlar \u00fczerine y\u00fckselirler. Kampta kutup saunas\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli atraksiyonlar bile var. Uygun hava olu\u015fur olu\u015fmaz turistler helikopterle k\u0131sa mesafedeki 90″00″00″00″ koordinatlara sahip co\u011frafik noktaya ula\u015f\u0131rlar. Mutlu gezginler uydu telefonu arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile aile ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 aramak imk\u00e2n\u0131na sahip olur ve gezegenin bu en kuzey noktas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir memnuniyetle foto\u011fraf \u00e7ektirirler.<\/p>\n
12. Stepte ya\u015fayan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe halklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcnde de oldu\u011fu gibi, Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yerle\u015fik Buryat ve Tuval\u0131larda da at kutsal bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. At s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sahibi atlar\u0131n\u0131n hepsini bire bir tan\u0131rd\u0131. \u0130nsan Dostu Atlar- rivayet ve masallar\u0131n ba\u015fkahramanlar\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131srak s\u00fct\u00fc olan k\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n tedavi g\u00fcc\u00fc ise \u00e7ok de\u011ferlidir.<\/p>\n
13. Turistler i\u00e7in Velikoye Sayanskoye Koltso (Ulu Sayan Halkas\u0131) isimli tarihsel etnik co\u011frafya gezi g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Gezginler, birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnl\u00fck gezi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sibirya Rus k\u00f6ylerindeki hayat ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, gecelerini Hakaslar\u0131n ke\u00e7eden ve a\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lan ota\u011flar\u0131nda ge\u00e7irir, Tuval\u0131lar\u0131n bo\u011fazdan s\u00f6ylenen \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dinler ve ate\u015f etraf\u0131nda \u015faman kamlama rit\u00fcellerine kat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Sayanskoye Koltso turuna Vladimir Lenin\u2019in s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde burada ya\u015famas\u0131 ile \u00fcnlenen tarihi \u015eu\u015fenskoye k\u00f6y\u00fcnde bulunan koruma alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge m\u00fczesinin ziyareti de d\u00e2hildir. Koruma alt\u0131ndaki m\u00fcze gezisi \u015fovu, ger\u00e7ek 19\u201320. y\u00fczy\u0131l k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ya\u015fanan, uygarl\u0131ktan eski \u00e7a\u011fa e\u011flenceli bir ge\u00e7i\u015ftir. Turistler izlemekle kalmay\u0131p, ayn\u0131 zamanda eski t\u00f6renlerle, oyunlara, danslara ve geleneksel ak\u015fam e\u011flencelerine kat\u0131l\u0131rlar. Eski Rus usul\u00fc bar olan traktirlerde Sibirya gelene\u011finden bir par\u00e7a olan ev yap\u0131m\u0131 votka olan samogon ve ya\u011fl\u0131 domuz eti mutlak bir ikramd\u0131r. Veda ederken ise eski Sibirya evinde \u00e7ay\u0131n yan\u0131nda geleneksel ku\u015fkiraz\u0131 b\u00f6rekleri ikram edilir. Sayan Da\u011flar\u0131, kutsal bir tap\u0131nak ve do\u011fal iklimsel tatil merkezidir. Sadece 9 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrecek bir tatil s\u0131ras\u0131nda ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l Sibiryal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok uluslu ev hayat\u0131 ve modern hayat tarz\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bunlar\u0131n inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 dokunarak hissetme \u015fans\u0131na sahip olursunuz. Krasnoyarsk\u2019tan Hakasya\u2019ya kadar uzanan yolun her 100 kilometresinde bir peyzaj ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahit olursunuz. Y\u00fczlerce kilometrelik alanda u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z steplerin uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131, etraf\u0131nda ise y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f da\u011flar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz Tuva\u2019da ota\u011f kamp\u0131nda kal\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Emsalsiz bo\u011fazdan yap\u0131lan \u015fark\u0131 ile tan\u0131\u015fman\u0131z sizi etkilenmeden b\u0131rakmayacakt\u0131r. Tuva\u2019da Asya\u2019n\u0131n co\u011frafik merkezi, Budist kiliseleri ve \u00fclkedeki tek \u015faman tedavi merkezi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14. Altay, Orta Asya\u2019daki bir da\u011f \u00fclkesidir. Altay kelimesinin anlam\u0131 Alt\u0131n Da\u011flard\u0131r. Altay hakk\u0131nda d\u00fczinelerce rivayet vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birinde insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kendi kendini yok etmesinden sonra uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yeni merkezi olacak olan gizli \u015eambala \u00fclkesine a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131n\u0131n burada bulundu\u011fu anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Altay do\u011fas\u0131 emsalsizdir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n hi\u00e7bir yerinde bu kadar minik bir alanda bu kadar \u00e7ok manzaran\u0131n bir arada s\u0131\u011fd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir yer yoktur. Burada her \u00e7e\u015fit zorluk seviyesindeki yaya, su, da\u011f, kayak, bisiklet ve ara\u00e7 \u00fcst\u00fc seyahatlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
15. Da\u011fl\u0131k Altay\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zel bir cazibesi vard\u0131r. B\u00f6lgenin en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi Teletskoye G\u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yerel halk Da\u011fl\u0131k Altay\u2019a Alt\u0131n der. Bu b\u00f6lge, yaya turistleri, sucular, kayak\u00e7\u0131lar, alpinistler ve at \u00fcst\u00fc gezi hayranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok pop\u00fcler bir yerdir. Kendinizi dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k ve cesaret y\u00f6n\u00fcnde s\u0131nayabilece\u011finiz zorlu su g\u00fczerg\u00e2hlar\u0131, Katun, Ba\u015fkaus, \u00c7uya ve \u00c7ul\u0131m\u015fan \u0131rmaklar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. Altay\u2019\u0131n en y\u00fcksek tepesi olan Beluha Da\u011f\u0131na (4056) t\u0131rmanmak, \u00e7ok prestijlidir. Mejdure\u00e7ensk \u015fehrinin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Da\u011fl\u0131k \u015eorya\u2019da donan\u0131ml\u0131 da\u011f kayak yollar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
16. \u015eamanizm insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu k\u00f6t\u00fc ve iyi ruhlara duyulan ilkel bir inan\u00e7 sistemidir. Ruhlar ve insan aras\u0131ndaki arac\u0131 ise \u015famand\u0131r. \u015eaman\u0131n insan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lere sahip oldu\u011funa, gelecekten haber verebildi\u011fine, hastal\u0131klar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilece\u011fine ve kaybolan\u0131 bulabilece\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131r. Tuva\u2019daki geziniz s\u0131ras\u0131nda ate\u015f etraf\u0131nda \u015eamanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc kamlama rit\u00fcellerine ve ruhlarla konu\u015fma ayinlerine \u015fahit olursunuz. Bu ayinlere uzun ulumalar ve tef \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015flik eder. Tuva\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti K\u0131z\u0131l \u015fehrinde \u015faman hastanesi vard\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek \u015famanlar size kendi geleneklerini ve olanaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rlar. \u0130stemeniz halinde gelece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011frenebilir ve ar\u0131nma rit\u00fceline kat\u0131labilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
17. G\u00fcney Sibirya\u2019da Yenisey nehrinin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda az say\u0131l\u0131 halklar, Hakaslar, Tuval\u0131lar, Yakutlar ve Buryatlar ikamet eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin Hakaslar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 sadece 80 bin, Tuval\u0131lar 200 binden daha azd\u0131r. Bu halklar\u0131n temsilcileri emsalsiz bo\u011fazdan \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleme sanat\u0131na sahiptirler. \u015eark\u0131c\u0131 kelimeleri s\u00f6ylemez, ancak bo\u011faz\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 seslerde bazen koca bir orkestran\u0131n sesini, bazen at toynaklar\u0131n\u0131n sesini bazen de vah\u015fi hayvan\u0131n h\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131l\u0131 inlemeleri duyulur. Bu mahareti daha \u00e7ocukken \u00f6\u011frenirler, ama bu herkesin yapamayaca\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fey. Bo\u011fazdan s\u00f6ylenen \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n sadece erkekler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenmesi \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7tir.<\/p>\n
18. Eski Tuva\u2019n\u0131n en ilgin\u00e7 an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015ftan heykellerin veya ta\u015f balballar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Bunlar ellerinde ayinsel hacimleri tutan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 heykelleridir. Bu heykellerin Tuva\u2019daki say\u0131s\u0131 bir zamanlar 200 kadard\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yerin alt\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak K\u0131z\u0131l\u2019daki cumhuriyet \u00f6nemindeki B\u00f6lge Bilgisi M\u00fczesinde sergilenmektedir. Fakat bu balballar\u0131n en m\u00fckemmeli halen stepte bulunmakta ve ger\u00e7ek Mo\u011fol H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ile alakal\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Cengiz Han diye adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Cengiz Han k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131ms\u0131 granitten oyulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
\u015eaman olmak<\/h3>\n
\u015eamanl\u0131k sonradan kazan\u0131lan bir g\u00f6rev de\u011fildir\u00a0; \u015eaman olacak kimsenin, bir \u015eaman\u0131n soyundan gelmesi gerekir. \u015eaman olmak i\u00e7in gerekli belirtileri ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7ocuk, belirli bir ya\u015fa gelince eski bir \u015faman\u0131n e\u011fitimine b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131p gerekli \u00f6n bilgileri edinir. \u015eaman\u0131n denetimi alt\u0131nda bir s\u0131navdan ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u015eamanl\u0131k yetkisi al\u0131p dinsel t\u00f6ren, bayram \u015f\u00f6leni, kurban t\u00f6reni, dua okuma v. b. g\u00f6revlere ba\u015flar. \u015eaman bu g\u00f6revler s\u0131ras\u0131nda\u00a0; her par\u00e7as\u0131, \u00fczerine tak\u0131lan her maddesi, her \u015fekli ayr\u0131 bir varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembol\u00fc olan garip (\u00f6zel) giysiler, k\u00fclahlar giyer, maske takar ve yine \u00f6zel bir \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f davulunu ya da tefini \u00e7alar. Kendinden ge\u00e7inceye, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, tanr\u0131larla ve ruhlarla temas sa\u011flay\u0131ncaya kadar z\u0131plar, s\u0131\u00e7rar, garip sesler, hayvan sesleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, s\u00f6ylenir, yalvar\u0131r, yerlerde s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr, bazen de bay\u0131larak d\u00fc\u015fer. \u015eaman\u0131n okudu\u011fu \u201chay\u0131r dualar\u201da alk\u0131\u015f denir, \u015famandan alk\u0131\u015f alan bir kimse dileklerinin yerine gelece\u011fine inan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu konularda en ciddi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u00a0; Orta ve Kuzey Asya topluluklar\u0131nda dinsel ya\u015fam\u0131n daha \u00e7ok \u201c\u015faman\u201d \u00e7evresinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, fakat bu durumun b\u00fct\u00fcn dinsel etkinlikleri \u015faman\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini, baz\u0131 yerlerde tanr\u0131lara kurban sunucular\u0131n \u201c\u015faman\u201d olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, aile reislerinin bile bu i\u015fi yapabildiklerini, her sihirle u\u011fra\u015fan\u0131n \u201c\u015faman\u201d say\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hastalara \u015fifa vermenin samanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olmakla birlikte, her \u015fifa sunucunun da \u015faman olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrmektedirler.<\/p>\n
Tanr\u0131lar<\/h3>\n
\u015eamanizmde tanr\u0131lar \u201ciyilik\u201d ve \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d tanr\u0131lar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ruhlar da tanr\u0131lar gibi iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar olarak vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rlar. Eski T\u00fcrkler\u2019de iyi ruh \u201c Bay \u00dclgen<\/a>\u201d, k\u00f6t\u00fc ruh \u201cErlik\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cBay \u00dclgen\u201d ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi ruhlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan, onlara emir veren bir tanr\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca “Bay \u00dclgen”in yan\u0131nda tanr\u0131\u00e7a Umay bulunur.<\/p>\n
\u015eamanizmin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7e\u015fitlerinde tanr\u0131-do\u011fa-insan aras\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcp giden kopmayan bir ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu inanc\u0131na rastlan\u0131r. Bu yayg\u0131n inanca g\u00f6re tanr\u0131lar insanlar\u0131 y\u00f6netimleri alt\u0131ndaki ruhlarla etkilerler: Bir tanr\u0131 insana do\u011frudan buyruk g\u00f6ndermez, gerekli yasaklar\u0131 koymaz. B\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerden yap\u0131lan e\u015fyalarla tasvir edilir. Bunlar baz\u0131 yerlerde alt\u0131ndan, ke\u00e7eden, pa\u00e7avradan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00f6ren]<\/h3>\n
\u015eamanizmde t\u00f6renler<\/a> de genel olarak ikiye ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r; belirli g\u00fcnlerde yap\u0131lanlar veya \u00f6nceden belirlenmemi\u015f t\u00f6renler. Bu t\u00f6renlerde, \u00e7e\u015fitli halklar\u0131n inan\u00e7, gelenek ve g\u00f6reneklerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olmakla birlikte mutlaka kurban<\/a> adeti vard\u0131r. At<\/a> ve koyun<\/a> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kan ak\u0131t\u0131larak sunulan kanl\u0131 kurban bilinmemektedir. Kutsal say\u0131lan bir yere bir de\u011fere bir \u015fey sunmak, e\u015fya adamak, \u015faman\u0131n davuluna, kutsal a\u011fa\u00e7lara bez ba\u011flama\u00a0; \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerden yap\u0131lan tanr\u0131<\/a> tasvirlerine (t\u00f6z, ongon, tangara, eren ) yemek sunma, ate\u015fe i\u00e7ki d\u00f6kme ya da atma kans\u0131z kurband\u0131r. Kans\u0131z kurbanlar\u0131n bir ba\u015fka bi\u00e7imi de ruhlara adan\u0131p k\u0131rlara sal\u0131verilen hayvanlard\u0131r. Samanl\u0131kta kurbans\u0131z t\u00f6ren de, t\u00f6rensiz kurban da yoktur.<\/p>\n
\u015eamanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de edebiyat alan\u0131ndaki etkisidir. Orta Asya<\/a> halklar\u0131ndan Buryatlar aras\u0131nda \u015famanlar zengin bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc destan edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n koruyucular\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. akutlar\u2019da halk\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fck say\u0131s\u0131 4000\u2019i ge\u00e7mezken \u015eamanlar\u0131n s\u00f6zc\u00fck da\u011farc\u0131\u011f\u0131 12. 000\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
\u201cAyna, \u015famana ait o denli \u00f6nemli bir alettir ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ayna olmas\u0131 durumunda giysisiz, hatta davulsuz bile \u015eamanl\u0131k yapabilir. \u2026 K\u00e2se ve kupan\u0131n da y\u00fcksek bir de\u011feri vard\u0131r ve ayna gibi bunlar da \u0130skitler d\u00f6neminden beri t\u0131ls\u0131ml\u0131 nesnelerdir.\u201d<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0130dil-Ural B\u00f6lgesinde Ya\u015fayan T\u00dcRKLER <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n
Tertep T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkurtistan ve Tataristan Cumhuriyeti ile bunlara kom\u015fu vil\u00e2yetlerde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u0130dil-Ura! T\u00fcrk Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n bir koludur.<\/p>\n
Kundur T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
Kafkasya’dan g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek \u0130dil (Volga) nehri deltas\u0131nda ve burada bulunan Astrahan \u015fehrinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Nogaylara yak\u0131n bir T\u00fcrk boyu olup, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n
Mi\u015fer T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
\u0130dil-Ural Tatarlar\u0131n\u0131n bir kolu olan Mi\u015fer T\u00fcrkleri Tataristan ve Ba\u015fkurtistan \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti ile bunlara kom\u015fu olan Udmurt, Mari \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti, Saratov ve Samarra b\u00f6lgelerinde \u00e7o\u011funlukla ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Sibirya’da Ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler<\/p>\n
Kumandi T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
Tomsk vil\u00e2yetinin Bey \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 havzas\u0131nda ya\u015farlar. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilik ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7inmektedir. \u015eaman dininden olup, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 100.000 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tobol T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Sibirya’da \u0130rti\u015f ve Tobol havzalar\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. N\u00fcfuslan bilinmemektedir. Haklar\u0131nda bilgi \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bat\u0131 Sibir Tatarlar\u0131<\/p>\n
Obi nehrinin kolu olan Tobol nehri ile Altay ve Hakas T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetlerinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye kadar olan G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Sibirya’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u00d6zellikle Obi, \u0130rti\u015f ve Tobol nehri vadilerinde ve bu vadilerde bulunan ToboJ, T\u00fcmen, Oms, Tomsk, Novosibir, \u0130rkutsk, Arhangelsk, \u00c7ikitinks, Kemerova ve Barabba \u015fehirlerine yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Kazan Tatarlar\u0131 ile yak\u0131n akrabad\u0131rlar. N\u00fcfuslan 350.000 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Telengit T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
Altay T\u00fcrklerinin bir kabilesidir. Altay da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda Teleski g\u00f6l\u00fc civar\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. \u015eaman dinine ba\u011fl\u0131 olup n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 5 bin civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sor T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Sibirya’da Hakas T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti’nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda Kemerova vil\u00e2yetinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Telev\u00fct T\u00fcrkleri ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7edirler. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 16.800 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n 12 bini Kemerova \u015fehrinde di\u011ferleri Kemerova’n\u0131n kaza ve k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 gittik\u00e7e azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lge SSCB taraf\u0131ndan bilin\u00e7li geri b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, sosyoekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sorunlar \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrk yerle\u015fim birimleri susuz, elektriksiz ve yolsuz b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sor T\u00fcrklerinin elinden topraklan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1917 y\u0131lma kadar kendi alfabelerini kullanan \u015eorlara Ruslar zorla Kiril alfabesini kabul ettirerek k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini yok etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun sonucu 16.800 Sor T\u00fcrk\u00fc’nden sadece ana dilini bilen 900 ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sor Mill\u00ee Hareketi, \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc muhafaza \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Pedagoji enstit\u00fcs\u00fcnde son y\u0131llarda a\u00e7\u0131lan Sor dili b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Rusya Federasyonu’na ra\u011fmen e\u011fitimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Semey n\u00fckleer poligonunda yap\u0131lan n\u00fckleer denemeler, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan radyoaktivite ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozlar\u0131 Telev\u00fctler gibi \u015eorlar\u0131 da etkilemi\u015f, \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7ocuk hasta ve sakat do\u011fmu\u015f, \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlan artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ra\u011fmen ata folklorunu, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve dilini kanlar\u0131nda saklayarak, T\u00fcrk kimli\u011fini unutmadan bug\u00fcnlere gelmesini ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Telev\u00fct T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
Telengitlerin bir kabilesidir. G\u00fcney Sibirya’da Kemerova vil\u00e2yetinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Bir zamanlar on binlerle ifade edilen say\u0131lar\u0131 bug\u00fcn 2.800 ki\u015fiye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun 2500’\u00fc Kemerova’da di\u011ferleri ise Kemerova’n\u0131n k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Telev\u00fct T\u00fcrklerinin n\u00fcfuslar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fekilde azalmas\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck sebepleri Rusya Federasyonu’nun uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 asimil\u00e2syon politikas\u0131 ile birlikte, 1943-53 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda n\u00fckleer denemelerin s\u0131kl\u0131kla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Seney n\u00fckleer poligonunun b\u00f6lgede bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu n\u00fckleer denemeler sonucu binlerce ki\u015fi hastalanm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, \u00e7ocuklar sakat do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Di\u011fer bir sebep Telev\u00fct topraklar\u0131nda bulunan zengin k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SSCB zaman\u0131nda topraklar\u0131 bu k\u00f6m\u00fcr y\u00fcz\u00fcnden elinden al\u0131nan Telev\u00fctler yoksullu\u011fa itilerek k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya mecbur edilmi\u015f, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 radyoaktivite ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr tozlan ile ya\u015famaya mahk\u00fbm edilmi\u015ftir. Bunun sonucunda kanama hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (hemofili) Telev\u00fct T\u00fcrklerine illet olmu\u015f, yol, su, elektrik, sa\u011fl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131 olmayan b\u00f6lge Rusya taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcme terk edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
N\u00fckleer fel\u00e2ket, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve hemofili Telev\u00fct T\u00fcrklerini yok olma tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmi\u015ftir. Telev\u00fctler Altay Cumhuriyeti’ne g\u00f6\u00e7 etme haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisine girmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Dolgan T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
G\u00fcney Sibirya’da Sor T\u00fcrkleri ile kom\u015fudurlar. \u00d6zellikle Krasnoyask vil\u00e2yetine ba\u011fl\u0131 Dolgan-Nenets muhtar b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. Saha Federe T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti’nde ya\u015fayan bir\u00e7ok Dolgan (Sahala\u015fm\u0131\u015f-Tunguz) T\u00fcrk’\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 tahminen 5 binin \u00fczerindedir.<\/p>\n
Tofa T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
Mo\u011folistan Cumhuriyeti kuzeyinde, Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fusunda bulunan \u0130rkuts vil\u00e2yetinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte 2.000 ki\u015filik bir kabile olduktan tahmin edilmektedir. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n
Kumar\u0131 T\u00fcrkleri<\/p>\n
\u015eor’da ya\u015famaktad\u0131rlar, n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 6 bin ki\u015fi civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc ve \u00e7evresi<\/h1>\n
Do\u011fu Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n incisi Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6l, en derin ve muhtemelen d\u00fcnyadaki en eski g\u00f6l olup, ya\u015f\u0131 25 milyon y\u0131l civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6lde, tertemiz ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u015feffafl\u0131kta olarak d\u00fcnya tatl\u0131 su rezervlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rtte biri toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 30 santim \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki beyaz bir halkay\u0131 g\u00f6le att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z takdirde, bu halka Baykal suyunun 40 metre derinlik alt\u0131nda bile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. G\u00f6l, deniz seviyesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 metre y\u00fckseklikte, uzunlu\u011fu 636 kilometre, geni\u015fli\u011fi 20 ila 80 kilometre aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmekte, maksimum derinli\u011fi ise 1637 metreden fazlad\u0131r. Baykal\u2019da 1850 \u00e7e\u015fit hayvan ve 850 t\u00fcr bitki ya\u015famakta olup, bunlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funa yaln\u0131z burada rastlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. En me\u015fhur Baykal bal\u0131klar\u0131, Mersin Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Grayling Bal\u0131\u011f\u0131, Somon bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden olan Sig bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Baykal ya\u011fl\u0131 bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanGolomyanka\u2019d\u0131r. Fakat en de\u011ferlisi de \u00e7ok zarif ve \u015f\u0131k bir tada sahip olan Omuldur. Baykal\u2019daki g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcnlerin say\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcney denizlerindeki tatil b\u00f6lgelerindekinden daha fazla olup, y\u0131lda 300 g\u00fcnden daha fazlad\u0131r. Sonbaharda, \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n esti\u011fi f\u0131rt\u0131nalar s\u0131k\u00e7a meydana gelir. G\u00f6l suyu sadece Ocak ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda donar ve ancak May\u0131s ay\u0131nda buzlardan kurtulur. Baykal buzu, suyu gibi inan\u0131lmaz derecede temiz ve devasa \u015feffaf tarlalar olu\u015fturur, g\u00f6l\u00fcn s\u0131\u011f yerlerinde ise dibini ve g\u00f6lde ya\u015fayan canl\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fcne \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fczden fazla \u0131rmak suyu akmaktad\u0131r, ama Baykal\u2019dan sadece Angara nehri d\u0131\u015far\u0131 akar. Angara Nehrinin ba\u015f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck say\u0131lan \u0130rkutsk \u015fehrinden 70 kilometre mesafedeki Listvyanka kasabas\u0131nda suyun \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok eski bir rivayete konu olan ta\u015f y\u00fckselmektedir. Rivayete g\u00f6re Baykal Baba bu ta\u015f\u0131, t\u00fcm yasaklara ra\u011fmen g\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen da\u011flar\u0131 ay\u0131rarak ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131 Yenisey\u2019e giden s\u00f6z dinlemeyen g\u00fczel k\u0131z\u0131 Angara\u2019n\u0131n pe\u015finden atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baykal, turistler i\u00e7in inan\u0131lmaz bir manyetik g\u00fcce sahiptir. Turistlerin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, buraya yeterince \u0131l\u0131k olan yaz aylar\u0131nda gelir. Temmuz ay\u0131n\u0131n sonunda A\u011fustos ba\u015flar\u0131nda k\u0131y\u0131 suyu iyi \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r. Baykal\u2019da, istedi\u011finiz \u015fekilde g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve \u015fairane koy ve k\u00f6rfezlere girme olana\u011f\u0131na sahip olabilmek, bal\u0131k avlamak ve g\u00fcne\u015flenmek i\u00e7in ufak bir gemi ile gezmek en iyisidir. Bu t\u00fcr seyahatler son g\u00fcnlerde daha pop\u00fcler bir hal almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tuhaf kesitli k\u0131y\u0131 ve \u00e7ok rahat, s\u0131k\u00e7a derin olmayan kum ve \u00e7ak\u0131l plajl\u0131 koylar\u0131 bulunan keskin k\u0131y\u0131l\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek burunlu Olhon adas\u0131, Baykal\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck adad\u0131r. Olhon\u2019un al\u00e7ak ve kayal\u0131kl\u0131 bat\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kayal\u0131k ve tuzlak arazileri ile kum tepecikleri sizi hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ise aksine Baykal\u2019a do\u011fru aniden kesiliveren y\u00fcksek, s\u0131k\u00e7a dik ve bazen kayal\u0131k bir k\u0131y\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131dan birka\u00e7 metre ileride g\u00f6l 1637 metrelik en y\u00fcksek derinli\u011fine ula\u015f\u0131r. Adadaki k\u0131\u015flar az karl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok \u00e7etindir, ama yaz aylar\u0131nda \u0131l\u0131k ve g\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok fazlad\u0131r. Olhon k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda me\u015fhur Baykal fok bal\u0131\u011f\u0131na s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlan\u0131r, adada ise bilim adamlar\u0131 eski \u00e7a\u011fdan kalma insan yerle\u015fim yerini bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Amerikal\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 Baykal sakinlerinin Amerikan K\u0131z\u0131lderililerinin atalar\u0131 sayar ve bu nedenle bunlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olan Olhon\u2019un \u015fimdiki sakinleri, yabanc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rmektedir. Yerli halk, bu adada bulunan Burhan mermer kayas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki ma\u011farada Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n mezar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funa inan\u0131r. Baykal\u2019\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen Krugobaykalskaya Demiryolu G\u00fcney Balkan\u0131n en g\u00fczel k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. Emsalsiz m\u00fchendislik tekni\u011findeki yap\u0131, i\u015fletmeye 1905 y\u0131l\u0131nda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yola Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7elik kemerinin alt\u0131n tokas\u0131 derler. Baykal\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, Sibirya i\u00e7in al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki yumu\u015fak iklimi ve kum plajlar\u0131, buralarda tatil merkezlerinin geli\u015fmesine olanak sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Da\u011f kaya\u011f\u0131 yollar\u0131, konforlu oteller ve spa\u2019lar, tedavi eden su kaynaklar\u0131, turlar, etnografik ve ekolojik turlar, avc\u0131l\u0131k, bal\u0131k av\u0131 ve di\u011fer bir \u00e7ok etkinlik mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Durgun akan ve donan Volga<\/h1>\n
Dursun \u00d6zden<\/p>\n
Volga\u2019ya, \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n ana caddesi\u201d derler. Volga, \u00fclkenin sembollerinden biridir. \u201cVolga, \u00f6z\u00fcm anam Volga\u201d der, eski bir Rus \u015fark\u0131s\u0131. Volga, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en uzun nehridir, uzunlu\u011fu 3530 km.dir. Volga\u2019y\u0131 genel hatlar\u0131yla \u00e7izip haritadaki yerini belirleyen ilk bilim adam\u0131, eski Yunanl\u0131 Klavdi Ptolemey\u2019dir. (M.S. II. yy.)<\/p>\n
Volga, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir suyolu ve turistik hatt\u0131r. Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tam kalbinde bulunan Valday batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bir p\u0131nardan do\u011farak y\u00fczlerce g\u00f6le su ta\u015f\u0131yan Volga, sular\u0131n\u0131 \u00fclkenin merkezindeki yerlere da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131ktan sonra g\u00fcneye do\u011fru iner ve ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 y\u00f6nlere do\u011fru akan 800 kola ve \u00e7aya ayr\u0131l\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck bir delta olu\u015fturarak Hazar Denizi\u2019ne d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcr. Volga kanallarla Balt\u0131k Denizi, Beyaz Deniz ve Azak Denizi\u2019ne, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleri olan Moskova\u2019ya ve St. Petersburg\u2019a ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Moskova\u2019dan St. Petersburg\u2019a ya da tam tersi istikamette veya da \u015fairane g\u00fczellikteki Volga \u015fehirleri Yaroslavl, M\u0131\u015fkin, Kostroma ve Ugli\u00e7\u2019e kadar daha k\u0131sa mesafelere gemi yolculu\u011fu yapmak, yabanc\u0131lar aras\u0131nda pop\u00fclerdir. \u015eimdi de Volga\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu yere, Tver Y\u00f6resi\u2019ne bir g\u00f6z atal\u0131m. Nehrin ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerin XVII. yy. gibi eski bir tarihte b\u00f6yle tam olarak belirlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 \u00e7ok nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir olayd\u0131r. Devlet ar\u015fivlerindeki eski belgeler bize Volga\u2019n\u0131n \u201cbatakl\u0131kta bulunan bir aka\u011fac\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki kaynaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Volgo G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ne do\u011fru akmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d g\u00f6steriyor. Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 Aleksey Mihaylovi\u00e7\u2019in emri \u00fczerine 1649 y\u0131l\u0131nda, kutsal bir yer say\u0131lan Volga\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu topraklara Volgoverhovski Spaso Preobrajenski Rahip Manast\u0131r\u0131 kurulmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde burada k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ta\u015ftan \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f Olgin Katedrali bulunmaktad\u0131r. Volga \u00fczerine kurulan ilk sembolik k\u00f6pr\u00fc, kayna\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktadan yirmi-otuz metre \u00f6tede, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ocu\u011fun bile kolayl\u0131kla atlay\u0131p ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi bir yerdedir. Rus nehrine hayat veren p\u0131nar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde a\u011fa\u00e7tan bir \u015fapel bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yak\u0131nlarda da Volgoverhovye ad\u0131nda tipik Rus k\u00f6y\u00fc vard\u0131r. Buras\u0131 turist ak\u0131n\u0131na u\u011frayan bir yerdir. Aileleriyle beraber \u00e7ok uzaklardan gelen insanlar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na Ruslar\u0131n kutsal sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yeri g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in can atarlar.<\/p>\n
Volga\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fdu\u011fu yere sadece birka\u00e7 kilometre uzakl\u0131kta, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n orta b\u00f6lgelerinin en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f turizm merkezi olan Seliger G\u00f6l\u00fc bulunur. Buras\u0131, kuzeyden g\u00fcneye do\u011fru 100 km.lik bir alana yay\u0131lan ak\u0131nt\u0131lar ve kollardan olu\u015fan bir g\u00f6ller y\u00f6residir. Seliger\u2019de 160 ada, 110 akarsu kolu vard\u0131r. K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcr yaprakl\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lardan ve \u00e7am a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ormanlarla kapl\u0131d\u0131r. Orman kenarlar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klar, \u201cvah\u015fi tabiata bay\u0131lan\u201d turistler i\u00e7in ideal bir yerdir. Yaz\u0131n buraya gelen bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ve pad\u0131lbot\u00e7ular\u0131n kurdu\u011fu \u00e7ad\u0131rlar g\u00f6l k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve adalarda adeta reng\u00e2renk parlar. Haziran\u2019da su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 +20 dereceye kadar y\u00fckselir, bazen daha da artar. Seliger, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek bir cennettir. Bu sularda 30 t\u00fcr bal\u0131k ya\u015far: uzun levrekten tutun da \u00e7apak bal\u0131\u011f\u0131na, yay\u0131n bal\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve hatta yar\u0131m as\u0131r \u00f6nce buraya getirilen y\u0131lan bal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik t\u00fcrde bal\u0131klar vard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, pek \u00e7ok mantar ve yaban mersini, \u00e7ilek, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 yaban mersini gibi yemi\u015fler de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Seliger Y\u00f6resi\u2019nin merkezinde, tipik bir Rus \u015fehri olan Osta\u015fkov bulunur. Buradaki iskeleden gemiler kalkar. G\u00f6l gezisi yapmak isteyenler i\u00e7in en g\u00fczel zaman ak\u015fam vakitleridir. Y\u00fczlerce turist Seliger\u2019in me\u015fhur g\u00fcn bat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hayranl\u0131kla seyretmek, Nilov Pustin Manast\u0131r\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu romantik ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck adalar\u0131 gezmek i\u00e7in buraya gelirler. Say\u0131s\u0131z g\u00f6l ve batakl\u0131kta labirentler \u00e7izip k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki nehirlerin sular\u0131n\u0131 kendi sular\u0131na katan Volga, Moskova\u2019n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 km. kuzeyinden dola\u015f\u0131p eski Rus \u015fehirleri Rjev, Zubtsov, Tver, Ugli\u00e7, Yaroslavl, Kostroma\u2019dan ge\u00e7erek Nijni Novgorod\u2019da en b\u00fcy\u00fck sa\u011f kolu olan Oka\u2019yla bulu\u015fur.<\/p>\n
Nijni Novgorod, b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck kentidir. Volga\u2019n\u0131n sarp k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan birinde bulunan orta\u00e7a\u011fdan kalma kalesiyle ve s\u00fcrekli a\u00e7\u0131k olan Rus silahlar\u0131 sergisiyle \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. UNESCO Nijni Novgorod\u2019u, tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel eserler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olmas\u0131 sebebiyle d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan 100 \u015fehirden biri olarak listesine ge\u00e7irdi. Bu b\u00f6lge, Hohloma s\u00fcslemeleri, Pavlov b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131, Gorodets i\u015flemeleri, Semenov Matriyo\u015fkalar\u0131, Kazak teli, Bolahnin dantelleri gibi e\u015fsiz el sanatlar\u0131yla da \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nijni Novgorod, ticaret ve zanaatla u\u011fra\u015fan m\u00fcreffeh bir \u015fehirdir. Nijni Novgorod i\u00e7in bo\u015funa \u201cRusya\u2019n\u0131n cebi\u201d dememi\u015flerdir. Burada eskiden beri \u00fclkedeki b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015f adamlar\u0131n\u0131 toplayan b\u00fcy\u00fck sanayi fuarlar\u0131 kurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Volga \u015fehirlerinden biri olan Kazan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Rusya\u2019daki merkezidir ve Tataristan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkentidir. Tatar Devleti\u2019nin temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130slam dininin kabul edildi\u011fi, XV. yy.da kaybolan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yerle\u015fim yeri olan Bulgar\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden turist say\u0131s\u0131 her y\u0131l daha da fazla artmaktad\u0131r. Organize edilen turlar buraya yaln\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 de\u011fil, Ortodokslar\u0131 da \u00e7ekmektedir. Kazan Kalesi, Eski Tatar K\u00f6y\u00fc, Raifski Bogoroditski Manast\u0131r\u0131, Sviyanjsk ve Yelabug \u015fehirleri ve yak\u0131nlardaki M.S. 1000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Volga k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan topluluklar\u0131n birine ait yerle\u015fim merkezinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu harabeler \u00f6nemli tarihi yerlerdir.<\/p>\n
Kazan \u015fehrinin en ilgin\u00e7 mimari yap\u0131s\u0131, \u015fehrin simgesi olan S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike Kulesi\u2019dir. XVII. yy.\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Kulelerle ilgili pek \u00e7ok efsane vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birinde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde e\u015fine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fczellikte olan dul S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike Hatun\u2019u duyan Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n ona kendisiyle evlenerek Moskova \u00c7ari\u00e7esi olmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin bu teklifi reddetmesi \u00fczerine Ruslar Kazan\u2019a sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bir katliam \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike, bir \u015fartla Korkun\u00e7 \u00c7ar\u2019la evlenmeye raz\u0131 olur: D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hediyesi olarak bir hafta i\u00e7inde Kazan\u2019da bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn minarelerden daha y\u00fcksek bir kule yap\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gecesi verilen ziyafet esnas\u0131nda gelin, Moskova\u2019ya hareket etmeden \u00f6nce son defa do\u011fdu\u011fu \u015fehre yukar\u0131dan bakmak istedi. Son kata kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve \u2026 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011fluyla beraber a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131. Bunu g\u00f6ren Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van, Kazan\u2019\u0131 yakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00c7\u0130NDEN VOLGA AKAN KAZAN<\/strong><\/p>\n
Kazan,<\/strong> Rusya Federasyonu\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 Tataristan \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti. Tataristan\u2019\u0131n n\u00fcfusu 3,78 milyon ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 67,800 kilometrekaredir. N\u00fcfusun %53\u2019\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman T\u00fcrk Tatarlar, %39\u2019u Ruslar, %3.4\u2019\u00fc \u00c7uva\u015flar ve %4,6\u2019s\u0131 ise Ba\u015fkortlar\u2019d\u0131r.\u00a0 9. yy\u2019dan beri bu co\u011frafya\u2019da ya\u015fayan Tatar T\u00fcrkleri, b\u00f6lgede istikrar ve bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcvencesi olmu\u015flar… Tolstoy ve Lenin gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc ki\u015filerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr kenti Kazan, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00f6neminde de en ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 isimleri yeti\u015ftiren bereketli topraklard\u0131r. Rusya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n Sibirya\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131s\u0131 olan Tataristan, petrol ve do\u011falgaz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere; \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli gelir kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tah\u0131l, sebze, meyve, orman, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, otomatif\u00a0 ve a\u011f\u0131r sanayinin de merkezidir…<\/p>\n
31 A\u011fustos 1991\u2019de \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyet olan Tataristan\u2019\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mintimer \u015eaymiyev, Rusya Devlet Konseyi Prezidyumu\u2019nun yedi \u00fcyesinden biridir. T\u00fcrk-Tatar ili\u015fkilerinde dostlu\u011fa \u00f6nem veren Ba\u015fkan \u015eaymiyev, Kazan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Tataristan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6teki kentlerinde son 10 y\u0131lda yap\u0131lan in\u015faatlar\u0131n %80\u2019ini T\u00fcrk yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lara yapt\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve onlara memnuniyetini her defas\u0131nda dile getirmektedir. \u00d6zellikle; Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Saray\u0131, Merkez Bankas\u0131, Opera, Bale, Hipodrom, Metro, Kul \u015eerif Camisi, Pramit E\u011flence Merkezi, Basketbol Sahas\u0131, Akbars Bankas\u0131, Safar Oteli, Devlet \u00dcniversitesi restorasyonu, H\u00fck\u00fcmet Binas\u0131, \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Binas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck super marketler ve toplu konut in\u015faatlar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede bitiren T\u00fcrk Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar, Kazan\u2019da el \u00fcst\u00fcnde tutuluyor…\u00a0 Kazan\u2019da Kemalizm ve Leninizm y\u00fckselen de\u011fer…\u00a0 Kazan Lenin \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcniversitelerinde 300\u2019den fazla burslu \u00f6\u011frenci okuyor… Bu b\u00f6lgede T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015f\u0131 toplam 9 bin T\u00fcrk bulunuyor. T\u00fcrkiye-Tataristan ili\u015fkileri her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha iyiye gidiyor…<\/p>\n
K\u0131\u015f\u0131n donan ve \u00fczerinden t\u0131rlar ge\u00e7en Volga nehri, \u00f6teki mevsimlerde ise toplu ula\u015f\u0131m ve petrol tankerlerine nakliye hizmeti veriyor. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en uzun ve en geni\u015f nehirlerinden biri olan Volga, ayn\u0131 zamanda turizm potansiyeli olarak da \u00fclke ekonomisine katk\u0131da bulunman\u0131n dingin ve ma\u011frur ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile insanl\u0131\u011fa binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r dostluk elini uzat\u0131yor… Volga\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan t\u00fcm kent ve k\u00f6ylerde rengarenk evlerde ve bereketli topraklarda ya\u015fayanlar, t\u00fcm farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6rme\u011fini sergiliyor…<\/p>\n
Volga \u015fehirlerinden biri olan Kazan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Rusya\u2019daki merkezidir ve Tataristan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkentidir. Tatar T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin temellerinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130slam dininin kabul edildi\u011fi, XIV. yy.da kaybolan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir yerle\u015fim yeri olan Bulgar\u2019\u0131 ziyaret eden turist say\u0131s\u0131 her y\u0131l daha da fazla artmaktad\u0131r. Kazan\u2019dan \u0130dil Bulgar k\u00f6y\u00fcne gitmek i\u00e7in deniz otob\u00fcs\u00fcne binmek ve 7 ile 42 km. geni\u015fli\u011finde, adeta bir denizi and\u0131r\u0131n Volga nehri k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan do\u011fa harikas\u0131 manzaran\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcs\u00fcne kap\u0131larak 2 bu\u00e7uk saat yol alman\u0131n dayan\u0131lmaz hafifli\u011fini ya\u015fars\u0131n\u0131z. \u00d6zellikle g\u00fcz aylar\u0131nda nehir k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fclerinin rengarenk yapraklar\u0131n\u0131n sudaki aks\u0131\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer. \u0130dil Bulgar k\u00f6y\u00fcndeki elma ve lahana bah\u00e7eleri aras\u0131nda bulunan \u00f6zg\u00fcn Sibirya ah\u015fap evlerinin renkli kap\u0131 ve pencere pervazlar\u0131 bir ba\u015fka g\u00fczel. \u0130dil Bulgar T\u00fcrk Devleti\u2019nin eski ba\u015fkenti olan Bulgar, Han\u2019\u0131n saray\u0131, t\u00fcrbesi, hamam, mescit, ak ev, kara ev, tekke i\u00e7indeki m\u00fcze, 13. yy.da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Camik Medresesi ve hemen yan\u0131nda buluna 1847\u2019de yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Rus Kilisesini mutlaka g\u00f6rmelisiniz… 147 basamakl\u0131 minarenin\u00a0 merdivenlerinden yukar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekmeyi unutmay\u0131n\u0131z… Organize edilen turlar buraya yaln\u0131z M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 de\u011fil, Ortodokslar\u0131 da \u00e7ekmektedir. Kazan Kalesi, Eski Tatar K\u00f6y\u00fc, Raifski Bogoroditski Manast\u0131r\u0131, Sviyanjsk ve Yelabug \u015fehirleri ve yak\u0131nlardaki M.S. 1000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Volga k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan topluluklar\u0131n birine ait yerle\u015fim merkezinin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu harabeler \u00f6nemli tarihi yerlerdir.<\/p>\n
Kazan \u015fehrinin en ilgin\u00e7 mimari yap\u0131s\u0131, \u015fehrin simgesi olan S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike Kulesi\u2019dir. XVII. yy.\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda kurulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir. Kulelerle ilgili pek \u00e7ok efsane vard\u0131r. Bunlardan birinde, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde e\u015fine rastlanmam\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fczellikte olan dul S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike Hatun\u2019u duyan Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019\u0131n ona kendisiyle evlenerek Moskova \u00c7ari\u00e7esi olmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti\u011fi anlat\u0131l\u0131r. S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike\u2019nin bu teklifi reddetmesi \u00fczerine Ruslar Kazan\u2019a sefer d\u00fczenlemi\u015ftir. Bir katliam \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen S\u00fcy\u00fcm Bike, bir \u015fartla Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van\u2019la evlenmeye raz\u0131 olur: D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hediyesi olarak bir hafta i\u00e7inde Kazan\u2019da bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn minarelerden daha y\u00fcksek bir kule yap\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gecesi verilen ziyafet esnas\u0131nda gelin, Moskova\u2019ya hareket etmeden \u00f6nce son defa do\u011fdu\u011fu \u015fehre yukar\u0131dan bakmak istedi. Son kata kadar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve \u2026 K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck o\u011fluyla beraber a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 atlad\u0131. Bunu g\u00f6ren Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van, Kazan\u2019\u0131 yakt\u0131…<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l (2005)\u2019de 1000. kurulu\u015f y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renlerle kutlayan ve Volga \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan Milenyum k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc ile ta\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lan ba\u015fkent Kazan, T\u00fcrk yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n, teknik elemanlar\u0131n ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00f6zverili ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile yeniden in\u015fa edilen ve eski tarihi dokusu korunan Kazan, geleneksel ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f mimari dokunun birlikte y\u00fckseldi\u011fi bir cennet d\u00fcnya kenti… Kazan\u2019\u0131 yeniden yaratan T\u00fcrk yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lardan, i\u015f disiplini ve zaman\u0131ndan \u00f6nce i\u015f teslimi ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Kristal Plus\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fck ortaklar\u0131ndan Metin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m<\/strong> (eski metal i\u015f\u00e7isi (D\u0130SK) ve \u015fimdi b\u00fcy\u00fck patron, 14 y\u0131ld\u0131r Kazan\u2019da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 i\u015fler yap\u0131yor ve de Tataristan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm yetkili ve etkili ki\u015filer onun yak\u0131n dostu ve bilardo arkada\u015f\u0131. Ofisindeki Atat\u00fcrk posteri ve Lenin k\u00f6\u015fesi dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.) Odak ve AGM-Akol \u0130n\u015faat gibi firmalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Kazan\u2019da bulunan T\u00fcrk lokanta ve i\u015fyerleri de kaliteli ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f hizmet sunuyorlar…<\/p>\n
\u201cT\u00fcrkler bizim \u00f6z karde\u015fimizdir…\u201d diyen Tataristan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Mintimer \u015eaymiyer ve\u00a0 \u201cKazan, i\u00e7inden su akan \u0130stanbul\u2019un karde\u015fidir..\u201d diyen Merkez Bankas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Yevgeni Barisevi\u00e7 Buga\u00e7ov ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Ba\u015fbakan, Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve \u00f6teki t\u00fcm yetkililer, \u201cTatar, Rus, T\u00fcrk \u0130\u015fadamlar\u0131 Derne\u011fi\u201d<\/strong> Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Altop ve ikinci Ba\u015fkan Metin Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u201dnin bir an \u00f6nce bitirilmesi i\u00e7in destekliyorlar. Bu konuda TC. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zde durmay\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan da \u015fikayet ediyorlar… T\u00fcm bu g\u00fczelliklerin resmi boyutta geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunan T\u00fcrkiye Kazan Ba\u015fkonsolosu Kemal Demirciler\u2019in de iyi bir diplomasi trafi\u011fi y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tan\u0131k oldum… \u201c\u00c7\u0131lg\u0131n ve \u00e7apk\u0131n T\u00fcrkler\u201d <\/strong>Tataristan ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm Rusya Federasyonu topraklar\u0131nda \u00f6vg\u00fcye de\u011fer i\u015flere ba\u015far\u0131yla imza at\u0131yor… Fetullah G\u00fclen okullar\u0131 burada da etkili… Giri\u015finde Rus\u00e7a \u201cVatan Savunmas\u0131 Kutsald\u0131r\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 Ak Umut \u00d6\u011frenci Yurdu-Kuran Kursu, Moskova\u2019da oldu\u011fu gibi Kazan\u2019da da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. V.\u0130.U. Lenin, Kazan\u2019da Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencisi iken ilk \u00f6\u011frenci boykotunu burada yapm\u0131\u015f ve okuldan at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00dcniversitenin \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan gen\u00e7 Lenin heykeli alt\u0131nda Coco Cola <\/strong>i\u00e7en ve Hamburger yiyerek \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nca dans eden \u00f6\u011frenciler, Lenin\u2019i tan\u0131m\u0131yorlar. Oysa, 40 ya\u015f\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcndeki insanlar\u0131n ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u00e7in Leninizm umut, \u00fctopya ve y\u00fckselen de\u011fer…<\/strong> Kazan-Lenin \u00dcniversitesi T\u00fcrkoloji\u00a0 B\u00f6l\u00fcm Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. Dr. Jamil Zainullin, \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri ve \u00f6\u011frencilerinin T\u00fcrkiye ve Atat\u00fcrk sevdas\u0131<\/strong> alk\u0131\u015fa de\u011fer… T\u00fcrklerin yo\u011fun olarak gittikleri Cafe To Go, Antalya Restorant, Joker Restoran, Miraj Hotel gibi yerlerde T\u00fcrk ve Rus mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n en leziz yemeklerini Tatar b\u00f6re\u011fi ile birlikte yiyebilirsiniz…<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7inden Volga akan tarihi ve modern kent Kazan\u2019\u0131n gezilip g\u00f6r\u00fclecek yerlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz Volga k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 gelir… Bir de, Kazan Kremlin Tepesi… Bu tepe \u00fczerinde Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Saray\u0131,\u00a0 Kremlin Kalesi, Kul \u015eerif Camisi, 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda B\u00fcy\u00fck Vatan Cephesi\u2019nde \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fen gen\u00e7 Tatar \u015eairi Musa Celil \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck An\u0131t\u0131, Sevim Bike Camisi, Ortadoks Kilisesi, Bou\u011fman Caddesi, Petersburg Caddesi, Tren \u0130stasyonu, \u00f6zg\u00fcn mimarisi ve mavi \u00e7inili minareleri ve kubbeleriyle dikkati \u00e7eken T\u00fcrk Camisi, Milenyum K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, temizlenirken \u00f6zel i\u015flem g\u00f6rece\u011finiz Tatar Hamam\u0131, T\u00fcrk y\u00fckleniciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan modern ali\u015f veri\u00e7 yerlerini ve Kazan M\u00fczesini gezmeyi unutmay\u0131n… Kazan\u2019da Volga nehrinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan lasos, som, mersin, yay\u0131n, sazan, \u00e7urtan, karpy, karas bal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; g\u00fcve\u00e7te tand\u0131r, \u00f6le\u015f, \u00fc\u00e7pu\u00e7mak, Tatar b\u00f6re\u011fi, \u00e7oban salatas\u0131 ve Khanskaya votkas\u0131 ile ak\u015fam yeme\u011finin tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n…<\/p>\n
Benimle D\u00fcnyan\u0131n 66 halini g\u00f6rmek mi istiyorsunuz? Gezi haritan\u0131zda yeni yerleri i\u015faretleyiniz. Ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve co\u011frafyalar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in, 6 saat zaman fark\u0131 olan; Transsibirya Tren Hatt\u0131 ile do\u011fuya do\u011fru-Sibirya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6teki ucuna do\u011fru 10 bin km\u2019lik ser\u00fcven dolu 10 g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in iyi bir f\u0131rsat… D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en bereketli topraklar\u0131na sahip olan Sibirya; bah\u00e7e, ba\u011f, tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 ile dolu. Bo\u015f alanlar ise, s\u0131k\u00e7a ormanl\u0131k… Petrol ve do\u011falgaz ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, pek \u00e7ok de\u011ferli madenlerin bulundu\u011fu ve i\u015fletildi\u011fi bu zengin topraklarda Sovyetler da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, hala kolhoz ve solhoz \u00e7iftlik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc-\u00fcretim ili\u015fkisi\u00a0 ya\u015f\u0131yor ve Sosyalist devlet gelene\u011fi korunuyor. Rus mafyas\u0131yla m\u00fccadele eden Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Putin \u00e7ok seviliyor ve ona g\u00fcveniliyor. \u00c7aykovisky k\u00f6y\u00fcnde kap\u0131 ve pencereleri rengarenk boyal\u0131 ve i\u015flemeli eski tip, tek katl\u0131 ve ah\u015fap Sibirya ba\u011f evleri \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bah\u00e7esinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ya\u015fl\u0131 bir Tatar T\u00fcrk\u00fc ile candan sohbetimiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda bize ikram etti\u011fi ek\u015fi k\u0131r\u0131m elmas\u0131<\/strong> a\u011f\u0131z tad\u0131yla yedik.(K\u0131r\u0131m elmas\u0131; bu isimde ve ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikte olan elma, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yaln\u0131zca Ni\u011fde\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 Uluk\u0131\u015fla il\u00e7esinin \u00c7ak\u0131t Vadisi\u2019nde bulunan Beya\u011f\u0131l, Porsuk, Hasangazi ve Ko\u00e7ak gibi k\u00f6ylerde de \u00fcretilmektedir.)<\/p>\n
Bir yandan k\u00fct\u00fcrdete k\u00fct\u00fcrdete k\u0131r\u0131m elmas\u0131 yerken bir yandan da d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, b\u00f6lgenin ve \u00fclkenin sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 konu\u015fuyorduk. S\u00f6z s\u0131ras\u0131 sosyalizmin ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na gelince, Ya\u015fl\u0131 kurt do\u011fruldu ve bizim bildiklerimizden farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yorum yapt\u0131: \u201cSizin de ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019la birlikte da\u011f\u0131lmad\u0131. 1953\u2019de Stalin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile birlikte Sovyetler da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Gorba\u00e7ov\u2019la noktaland\u0131. Stalin \u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra, KGB ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, hem parti hem de devlet y\u00f6neticileri r\u00fc\u015fvet, adam kay\u0131rma, adaletsiz gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve t\u00fcm kirli ili\u015fkileri ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Naz\u0131m Hikmet gibi yanl\u0131\u015f ve hastal\u0131kl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131\u00a0 ele\u015ftiren \u015fiar, yazar, sanat\u00e7\u0131 ve ayd\u0131nlar s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi, cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenler bile oldu. Sosyalizim, elma i\u00e7 kurdu gibi kendi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bitirildi. Size Stalin\u2019le ilgili ilgin\u00e7 bir \u00f6rnek vermek isterim: \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonunda Hitler, Stalin\u2019e haber g\u00f6nderiri. Kendilerine esir d\u00fc\u015fen Stalin\u2019in binba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesindeki karde\u015fi ile Sovyetler\u2019in elinde bulunan Alman esir bir generalin de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini ister. Stalin buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu benim karde\u015fimde olsa askeri a\u00e7\u0131dan etik de\u011fildir diyerek, bir binba\u015f\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 r\u00fctbeden olan birinin de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve teklifi kabul etmez yani karde\u015fi bile olsa \u00f6d\u00fcn vermez di… Onun d\u00f6neminde r\u00fc\u015fvet, adam kay\u0131rma ve adaletsizlik yoktu. O, Proletarya Diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ac\u0131mas\u0131zca uygulad\u0131. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131lar\u0131 saymazsak, Stalin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir komutan ve devlet adam\u0131yd\u0131… Stalin t\u0131pk\u0131 Lenin gibi tam bir Atat\u00fcrk hayran\u0131yd\u0131.<\/strong> Atat\u00fcrk\u2019le bir araya gelip konu\u015fmay\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7ok isterdi. Bunu ben, o zamanlar yay\u0131nlanan Pravda gazetesinde okumu\u015ftum…<\/p>\n
Fidel Castro ve Mao da Atat\u00fcrk hayran\u0131yd\u0131…<\/strong><\/p>\n
Burada bir dip not d\u00fc\u015fmek istiyorum: Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ve sonunda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck devlet adamlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen hepsi Kemal Atat\u00fcrk i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fcye de\u011fer s\u00f6zler s\u00f6ylediler. Bunlar\u0131n hepsinden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 s\u00f6z etmek bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fine ters d\u00fc\u015fer. Ama, tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum birka\u00e7 detay\u0131 da anlatmadan ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fim. 12 Aral\u0131k 1996\u2019da, Latin Amerika Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc almak i\u00e7in gitti\u011fim K\u00fcba\u2019da efsanevi lider kumandan Fidel Castro ile evinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m r\u00f6portajda bir sorum \u00fczerine \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u201cChe ve benim i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fcne te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. Ama siz Devrimci Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk varken kendinize ba\u015fka \u00f6nder aramay\u0131n.<\/strong> O, bizim ve t\u00fcm mazlum halklar\u0131n do\u011fal esin kayna\u011f\u0131 ve \u00f6nderidir. 1919\u2019da Atat\u00fcrk zaferi m\u00fcjdeledi. Biz ondan esinlendik ve tam 40 y\u0131l sonra 1959\u2019da biz de zafere eri\u015ftik. Ne mutlu bize…\u201d<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7t\u011fimiz y\u0131l gitti\u011fim \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti Sinciang-Uygur \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde 2500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Uygur T\u00fcrkleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn 110 metre alt\u0131nda ve toplam 5 bin y\u00fcz kilometre uzunlu\u011fundaki yer alt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131 sistemi olan Kar\u0131zlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 haftal\u0131k bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapt\u0131m. T\u00fcm \u00c7in co\u011frafyas\u0131ndaki okullarda 8 ve 9. s\u0131n\u0131flarda okutulan Yak\u0131n\u00e7a\u011f Tarihi ders kitab\u0131n\u0131n ilk sayfas\u0131nda ve i\u00e7lerinde Atat\u00fcrk, Lenin ve Gandi okutuluyor. Yine bu kitab\u0131n 12. sayfas\u0131nda Moa Ze Tung, 1935\u2019de Uzuz Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe ba\u015flarken \u015eankay Meydan\u0131\u2019nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmaya \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015fl\u0131yor: Yolda\u015flar, ben \u00c7in\u2019in Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcy\u00fcm!…\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
Sibirya T\u00fcrklerinde \u015eifac\u0131 \u015eaman Analar…<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, 89 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Naz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n sevgilisi ve doktoru Galina\u2019y\u0131, Gla\u015finkov\u2019un evini ve \u00c7aykovisky m\u00fczesini g\u00f6rmeden yola ba\u015flamay\u0131n… Sibirya 10 ad\u0131m…\u00a0 Altay, Hakas, Yakut ve Tuva \u015eaman T\u00fcrkleri sizi bekliyor… Volga\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra;\u00a0 Obi ve Yenisey Irmaklar\u0131 ile Baykal G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00e7evresinde ota\u011f kuran halklar ve ku\u015flarla konu\u015fup, kokla\u015fmaya var m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? Yenisey \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan kuzey kutbuna do\u011fru deniz otob\u00fcs\u00fcyle yol al\u0131rken, mola verdi\u011finiz k\u00f6yde; y\u0131kanma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olmayan ve bedenlerine ay\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrerek so\u011fuk havaya(-50 derece) kar\u015f\u0131 korunan ve sarm\u0131saktan \u015fifa arayan yoksul Eskimo k\u00f6yl\u00fc g\u00fczellerin raks\u0131n\u0131 ve kal\u0131tsal hastal\u0131k nedeniyle cinsel g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitiren gen\u00e7 erkeklerin e\u015flerini ikram etme giri\u015fimlerini yad\u0131rgamay\u0131n… Ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015eaman y\u00f6ntemleriyle tedavi edildi\u011fi Sibirya topraklar\u0131nda bulunan Novasibirksy ve K\u0131z\u0131l\u2019daki Ak\u0131l Hastanesi bah\u00e7esinde yak\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck ate\u015fin etraf\u0131nda d\u00f6nen doktor, hem\u015fire ve hastalar\u0131n delice dans\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten \u015eifac\u0131 Kutsal \u015eaman Ana\u2019n\u0131n ate\u015fiyle ba\u015flayan i\u00e7sel yolculuk i\u00e7in haz\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? \u00c7emberin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaya var m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? U\u00e7uk, \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n, dingin, ayk\u0131r\u0131, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, \u00e7ocuksu ve delice bir yolculuk bu… \u00d6yleyse, Yoleri gezgin dervi\u015f\u2019e e\u015flik etmenin tam zaman\u0131… Yolda\u015f\u00e7a…<\/p>\n
\u0130\u00e7inden Volga akan kent Kazan\u2019da, liman\u0131n\u0131 arayan son gemiye siz binin ve Rus-T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihi zengin miras\u0131na tan\u0131kl\u0131k edin… Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ve gelece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bilgi, g\u00f6rg\u00fc ve deneyim sahibi olarak ya\u015fay\u0131n… Tataristan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Halklar Dostlu\u011fu Evi\u2019nde g\u00f6revli uzman kent\u00e7i \u00c7ulpan Khabibullina ve \u015fair annesi\u00a0 Nozelya\u2019n\u0131n Safranbolu\u2019ya \u00f6vg\u00fc dizen \u015fiirindeki co\u015fku ile imge y\u00fckl\u00fc s\u00f6ylemler, asl\u0131nda Kazanl\u0131 T\u00fcrk olman\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Onlar UNESCO\u2019nun birer g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc el\u00e7ileri… Onlar, Kazan kentinin sevdal\u0131lar\u0131… Onlar, Tataristan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ve Rusya Devlet Konseyi Prezidyumu \u00fcyesi Mintimer \u015eaymiyev <\/strong>ile birlikte 1991\u2019den buyana yeni sisteme uyum sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar, bir yandan da \u201cKom\u00fcnist\u201d kimliklerini koruyorlar. Onlar, Kapitalist \u00fcretim ili\u015fkisinin a\u00e7 g\u00f6zl\u00fc ve ac\u0131mas\u0131z kirli ili\u015fkilerini tan\u0131maya olduk\u00e7a hevesli g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Renkli, \u015fatafatl\u0131 ve lo\u015f gece hayat\u0131na benzeyen ya\u015fam; alkol, seks, uyu\u015fturucu ve markal\u0131 giyim hevesine d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn gen\u00e7lerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kirli durum endi\u015fe verici boyutlarda. Umudu, gelece\u011fi, beklentisi ve \u00fctopyas\u0131 olmayan Rus gen\u00e7li\u011fi, yar\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcbirlik ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ad\u0131na ya\u015fama denir mi, bilmiyorum…<\/p>\n
\u00c7in n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan Rusya ise n\u00fcfus azalmas\u0131ndan endi\u015feli<\/strong><\/p>\n
Asya anakara par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ve d\u00fcnya yerk\u00fcresinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerinden olan \u00c7in ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n gelecekleri hakk\u0131nda stratejik ve sosyolojik endi\u015feleri var. 1, 3 milyar n\u00fcfusu bulunan \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti, 10 y\u0131l sonra \u00fclke n\u00fcfusunun 1,5 milyar\u0131 ge\u00e7ece\u011finden endi\u015fe ederek yasal ve e\u011fitici \u00f6nlemler al\u0131yor. Bunun ba\u015f\u0131nda cinsel ili\u015fkide korunma yollar\u0131 ve ikinci \u00e7ocuk yapmada devletten yasal izin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi tedbirlerle bu istem d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek istiyor. Ama bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc de ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olam\u0131yorlar. 56 etnik grubun sorunlar\u0131 ise, bir ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bekleyen konu…<\/p>\n
Rusya Federasyonu topraklar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan 160 etnik gurubun toplam n\u00fcfusu 1999\u2019da 147 milyon iken, 2006\u2019da 141 milyona d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ortalama \u00f6m\u00fcr ise; erkeklerde 59 ve kad\u0131nlarda 71\u2019dir. Alkol t\u00fcketiminin art\u0131\u015f\u0131 nedeniyle bu oran giderek d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Yani \u00c7in\u2019in aksine kom\u015fusu Rusya\u2019n\u0131n gelecekteki en b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunu n\u00fcfus azalmas\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fcyen ekonomik yap\u0131, azalan i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde sorun olaca\u011fa benziyor. Sibirya ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere artan erkek k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131, yeni do\u011fumlar i\u00e7in engel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Yabanc\u0131larla evlili\u011fin serbest olu\u015fu, bu olumsuz gidi\u015fat\u0131 fazla etkilemiyor. Kuzey kutbundaki ekolojik dengesizlik ve b\u00f6lgeye \u00f6zg\u00fc meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n giderek art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ek olarak a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 alkol t\u00fcketimi de n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen fakt\u00f6rler olarak tehlike arz diyorlar. Hantal sanayinin \u00e7evreye verdi\u011fi kirlilik de bir ba\u015fka olumsuz etki olarak sorun te\u015fkil ediyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm: T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ortak paydas\u0131nda Avrasya birli\u011fi<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm, Avrasya ortak paydas\u0131nda birle\u015fmektir. \u00c7in\u2019deartan n\u00fcfus ile karde\u015f ve kom\u015fu Rusya\u2019da azalan n\u00fcfus kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlara ve anla\u015fmalara dayal\u0131 olarak stratejik bir ittifak anla\u015fmas\u0131 yolu ile giderilebilir. Ba\u015fka t\u00fcr \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, bat\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karc\u0131 ve b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00f6ntemleridir. Bu ise, binlerce y\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnen birlikte ya\u015fama k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn somutland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Asya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne terstir. Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r Asya co\u011frafyas\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan ve bu g\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 milyonu ge\u00e7en n\u00fcfusuyla Avrasya\u2019n\u0131n ortak paydas\u0131 ve birle\u015ftirici maya g\u00fcc\u00fc olan T\u00fcrk K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, bu stratejik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in ba\u015f rol oynayacak \u00f6zellikte ve zengin mirasi g\u00fc\u00e7tedir. K\u00f6kten dinci ve kafatas\u00e7\u0131-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 e\u011filimler bu birlikteli\u011fe zarar vermektedir. Ben ve \u00f6teki yerine \u201cbiz\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olarak alg\u0131layan ve sevgisini \u201csebil\u201d eyleyen karde\u015flik ve bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015famay\u0131 ilke edinen halklar ve \u00fclkelerin Avrasya ittifak\u0131, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sorun yuma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ve bar\u0131\u015fa ula\u015ft\u0131racak g\u00fc\u00e7te ve deneyimdedir… T\u00fcrk i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131, bu yolda at\u0131lan en somut ad\u0131m olsa gerek…<\/p>\n
UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan korumaya al\u0131nan D\u00fcnya Kent Miras\u0131 Kazan\u2019\u0131n turistik ve tarihi dokusu ile bir d\u00fcnya cennetinde oldu\u011funuzun fark\u0131na var\u0131n… Fark\u0131n fark\u0131na var\u0131n… Birbirinden g\u00fczel sevdal\u0131 Kazan k\u0131zlar\u0131yla dans edip \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeden \u00f6lmeyin… Nasrettin Hoca\u2019n\u0131n do\u011furan kazan\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden akan nehir, nice masallara ve destanlara tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f Kazan \u015fehrinin karde\u015fidir… Bir ba\u015fka co\u011frafyay\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ke\u015ffetmek \u00fczere yollarday\u0131z yine… U\u00e7uk, ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve delice… Kazan kayn\u0131yor… \u015eaman dans\u0131 \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve Volga dinginli\u011finde… Dostlukla…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
NAZIM H\u0130KMET’\u0130N SEVG\u0130L\u0130S\u0130 VE DOKTORU GAL\u0130NA, BU G\u00dcN 97 YA\u015eINDA VOTK\u0130NSK’DEK\u0130 EV\u0130NDE \u00d6LD\u00dc. GE\u00c7T\u0130\u011e\u0130M\u0130Z 2013 A\u011eUSTOS \u00a0AYINDA 96. YA\u015e G\u00dcN\u00dcN\u00dc B\u0130RL\u0130KTE KUTLADI\u011eIM SEVG\u0130L\u0130 GAL\u0130NA’NIN \u00d6ZEL R\u00d6PORTAJI, NAZIM H\u0130KMET SEVDALILARI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N \u00c7OK ANLAMLI S\u00d6YLEM VE G\u00d6RSELLERLE DOLU. DR. GAL\u0130NA’NIN NAZIM H\u0130KMET’E A\u0130T \u00d6ZEL E\u015eYALARI VE BELGELER\u0130 DURSUN \u00d6ZDEN AR\u015e\u0130V\u0130NDE. Bectu Gazetesi yazar\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131m Tataina’n\u0131n bu ac\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1622,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/419"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=419"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1632,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/419\/revisions\/1632"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}