{"id":407,"date":"2013-09-09T14:47:38","date_gmt":"2013-09-09T11:47:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.liliumreklam.com\/dur\/?p=407"},"modified":"2014-05-19T13:13:32","modified_gmt":"2014-05-19T10:13:32","slug":"amasya-ferhat-su-kanali-kehrizler-ic-gezi-belgesel-film","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=407","title":{"rendered":"Amasya Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131 \/ Kehrizler"},"content":{"rendered":"

$\"501158084302-1\"$ <\/a><\/strong>AMASYA (Anadolu Su Medeniyeti) $\"\"$ <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

$\"\"$ \u201cAnadolu Tarihi Yeralt\u0131 Su Yap\u0131lar\u0131\u201d<\/span><\/strong>belgeseli i\u00e7in alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u00a0Amasya’dan ba\u015flad\u0131. 33 ili kapsayan yurt gezim s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin merkezi olan Amasya ve Samsun\u00a0\u00e7evresindeki antik su yap\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7. \u00d6zellikle; tanr\u0131lar, krallar, padi\u015fahlar, \u015fehzadeler, vezirler, $\"\"$ komutanlar, bilgin $\"\"$ ler, evliyalar, aksakal bilge dervi\u015fler, veliler ve deliler yurdu Amasya\u2019n\u0131n bilinen 7500 y\u0131ll\u0131k yerle\u015fik kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, ziraat\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n var olu\u015f nedeni olan, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya\u015fam kayna\u011f\u0131 tarihi su yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve su kullan\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn izlerin<\/strong>i g\u00f6rmey<\/strong>e de\u011fer. \u0130lk yap\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihi itibariyle M.\u00d6. 300\u2019<\/strong>\u00fcn izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yan<\/strong> Tarihi Ferhat Kerizleri<\/strong>nin uzunlu\u011fu ise 24 km\u2019d<\/strong>ir<\/strong>. Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki kaya mezarlarda bulunan F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Te\u015fup<\/span><\/strong>\u2019un alt\u0131n heykeli, Urartu, Do\u011fu Roma, Bizans, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu, Osmanl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc izlerinin de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Amasya, Ulusal Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n d<\/strong>a ilk k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n izlerine de tan\u0131kl\u0131k $\"\"$ ediyor. Ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n-delilelerin su sesiyle tedavi edildi\u011fi\u00a0 Amasya Bimarhanesi<\/strong><\/em> <\/span>(Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fifas\u0131) Yakutiye M $\"\"$ ahallesi’nde; bu g\u00fcn su sesi olmasa da; ta\u015f i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011finin sanatsal vakuru, g\u00f6rkemli ve gizemli duru\u015funa e\u015flik eden dingin m\u00fczik dinletileriyle de insanlar\u0131 dinlendirmeye devam ediyor. Bir turizm kenti ilan edilen Amasya Kalesi<\/strong> <\/span>ve \u00e7evresi ise olduk\u00e7a bak\u0131ms\u0131z\u2026 \u00d6zellikle F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131 TE\u015eUP’<\/span><\/strong>unda bulundu\u011fu M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>n\u00fcn ve b\u00f6lgedeki tarihi su yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 koruyan DS\u0130<\/strong>\u2019nin ve Amasya Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n\u00a0t\u00fcm \u00e7abalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; kent i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en tarihi Ferhat Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n galerileri ve kanallar\u0131 yok olma sinyalleri veriyor\u2026 Anadolu\u2019nun Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde Karadeniz\u2019e 120 km. mesafede yer alan Amasya; Kalkolitik \u00c7a\u011fdan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar 7500 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir zaman dilimi i\u00e7erisinde 17 $\"\"$ medeniyete ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f<\/strong> ender jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131 ve bu yap\u0131ya e\u015flik eden bir nehre sahiptir. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz bu medeniyetlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda su insano\u011flunun hayat\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip oldu\u011fu gibi kentlerin ve \u015fehirlerin hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli etkenlerden biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131 olarak isimlendirilen ve y\u00f6re halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Ferhat ile \u015eirin Efsanesine dayand\u0131r\u0131lan su kanal\u0131 tarihi su yap\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6nemli bir yap\u0131d\u0131r. Amasya Tarihi adl\u0131 eserin yazar\u0131 H\u00fcseyin H\u00fcsameddin Yasar; Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Amasya \u015eehri\u2019nin Akyaz\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn g\u00fcneyinde bulunan \u015eahin Kayas\u0131 Mevkii\u2019nden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, 22 km mesafede Amasya \u015eehrine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fehirde Beyaz\u0131tpa\u015fa Mahallesinde Kibrithane denilen mevkiinde son buldu\u011funu ifade etmektedir. Ancak bu g\u00fcnk\u00fc buluntular \u00c7ekerek \u00c7ay\u0131 K\u0131rkg\u00f6z Mevkii\u2019nde de Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131 ile ayn\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ta\u015f\u0131yan, eski teknikle in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131 mansab\u0131na 24 km<\/strong> de bir kanal\u0131n mevcudiyetini g\u00f6stermektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cFerhat Su Kanal\u0131\u201d<\/strong> olarak isimlendirilen antik d\u00f6nem Amasya \u015eehri su kanal\u0131; Amasya Kenti\u2019nin bat\u0131s\u0131nda Ferhat Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kuzey eteklerinde yer almakta ve Amasya \u2013Tokat Devlet Karayolu g\u00fczergah\u0131 kenar\u0131na paralel; Helvac\u0131 Mahallesi\u2019nden $\"\"$ <\/span><\/span>ba\u015flay\u0131p Ferhat Aras\u0131 Mevkiinde kayaya oyulmu\u015f \u015fekilde g\u00f6rsel k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 yer yer g\u00f6z\u00fckmekte, Amasya \u0130mam Hatip Lisesi giri\u015finde ise yer alt\u0131ndan t\u00fcnel \u015feklinde ge\u00e7ti\u011fini g\u00f6steren kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 mevcuttur. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Amasya\u2019n\u0131n Beyaz\u0131tpa\u015fa Mahallesinde yer yer kayaya oyulmu\u015f havuz ve kanallar se\u00e7ilmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Amasya\u2019s\u0131nda \u015fehri do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya kat ederek ge\u00e7ti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

TAR\u0130H\u00c7E<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amasya kentinde onlarca uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli etkenin suyun olu\u015fturdu\u011funu ve bu medeniyetlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak\u2019\u0131n direk etkisinin var oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Amasya 7500 y\u0131ll\u0131k tarihi ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/strong> i\u00e7erisinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygarl\u0131klardan biride Helenistik \u00c7a\u011fda Pers k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Pont d\u00f6nemidir. Akropol olan Amasya Kalesi\u2019nin ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte sur duvarlar\u0131 i\u00e7ersindeki \u015fehir g\u00fcneye, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak\u2019\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. M.\u00d6. 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/strong> sonlar\u0131nda (302-1) \u015fehrin ba\u015fkent olmas\u0131yla birlikte akropol\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda yeni bir \u015fehir in\u015fa edilmeye ba\u015flan\u0131r. \u0130lk zamanlarda Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirerek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle birlikte, ticaretin geli\u015fmesiyle ba\u015fkent Amasya\u2019da geli\u015fip b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. M.\u00d6. 1.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru gelindi\u011finde muhtemelen \u015fehrin su ihtiyac\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f ve bu artan su ihtiyac\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde i\u00e7meye suyu olarak kullan\u0131lamayan Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak, binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015fehirde a\u00e7\u0131lan su kuyular\u0131n\u0131 besliyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc birinci y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar kenttin g\u00fcney kesimine yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f herhangi antik d\u00f6neme ait su yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar tespit edilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

M.\u00d6. 64 y\u0131l\u0131nda Amasya\u2019da do\u011fan antik \u00e7a\u011f co\u011frafyac\u0131s\u0131 Strabon,<\/strong> kendi kentinden, kaleden ve kral mezarlar\u0131ndan bahsetmi\u015f, fakat \u015fehrin su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan ve su getiren ta\u015fa oyulmu\u015f su kanallar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 bahsetmemi\u015ftir. Bu da bize g\u00f6steriyor ki su kanallar\u0131 muhtemelen bu tarihlerden sonra in\u015fa edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 63 y\u0131l\u0131 Pontus Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> sona erdi\u011fi y\u0131l olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Pontus ile Roma aras\u0131nda M.\u00d6. 86 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayan ve 63 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam eden tarihte k\u0131rk y\u0131l sava\u015flar\u0131 olarak bilenen Mithridates Sava\u015flar\u0131 <\/strong>yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Su kanallar\u0131n\u0131n bu y\u0131llar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. M.\u00d6. 63 y\u0131llar\u0131ndan sonra Amasya Eyaleti \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015f, Roma\u2019ya tabi krallar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir \u015fehir olmu\u015ftur. M.S. 7 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yerel krallar ve prensler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen \u015fehre Romal\u0131lar fiilen y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Roma d\u00f6neminin 40 y\u0131l sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle Roma generalleri ( 71 y\u0131l\u0131nda) Lukullus ve (69 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki) Pompei\u2019in \u015fehri ku\u015fatarak y\u0131kmalar\u0131 tahribat\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Akropol\u00fcn g\u00fcney yakas\u0131ndaki kentin arkeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak \u00fczerine kurulan k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fabileni hem mimarisi hem de nehir kotuna g\u00f6re de en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kotta yer almas\u0131 nedeniyle Roma D\u00f6nemine ait Al\u00e7ak K\u00f6pr\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr. Di\u011fer k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin Amasya\u2019n\u0131n orta \u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6nemine Dani\u015fmentli, Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerine ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 bir eyalet olan Amascia Kenti\u2019nde t\u00fcm eyaletlerde oldu\u011fu gibi \u0130mparator Hadrian 117-138 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda imar faaliyetlerinde bulunulmu\u015ftur. Bu imarla\u015fma esnas\u0131nda da Amasya Kenti yeniden in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kanallar\u0131n kapal\u0131 olarak yer alt\u0131ndan dehliz \u015feklindeki yap\u0131m tekni\u011fi Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Roma D\u00f6neminde M.S.1-2. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda in\u015fa edildi\u011fini, M.S. 3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda ise Romal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan yeniden onar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Yani Amasya \u015fehir merkezinin Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak Nehri sa\u011f sahilinde bulunan kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle Roma D\u00f6nemi 2.-3\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde iskana tabi oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Roma d\u00f6nemi akropol\u00fc ile iki k\u0131y\u0131daki \u015fehri birine ba\u011flayan k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin bulundu\u011fu zamanda \u015fehir n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7ok kalabal\u0131k, agoras\u0131, stadyumu, boulesi ( meclisi), di\u011fer t\u00fcm antik kentlerde olan yap\u0131lar\u0131yla klasik kent dokusuna ve stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130N\u015eA TEKN\u0130\u011e\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ferhat Su Kanal\u0131n\u0131n; Helvac\u0131 Mahallesi, Cezaevi mevkiinden Eski Sanayi ( Kibrithane) mevkiine kadar g\u00f6rsel olarak izlenilen yakla\u015f\u0131k 6 km.lik k\u0131sm\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u015fehir yerle\u015fkesinin alt\u0131nda t\u00fcnel \u015feklinde devam etmekte, g\u00f6rsel olan k\u0131sm\u0131 ise kire\u00e7 kayalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ve Ferhat Da\u011f\u0131 olarak bilinen da\u011f\u0131n do\u011fu eteklerinde, Amasya-Tokat Devlet Karayolu`na parelel olarak yer k\u0131vr\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00e7izilerek \u015fehre do\u011fru uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131 ve temizleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda moloz, ta\u015f ve di\u011fer at\u0131klarla dolu olan ve g\u00f6rsel k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Ferhat Aras\u0131 Mevkiindeki 675 metrelik k\u0131s\u0131mda temizlik ve kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce G\u00dc Mimarl\u0131k ve M\u00fchendislik Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyelerinden I\u015f\u0131k Aksulu ve Gediz Urak taraf\u0131ndan r\u00f6l\u00f6veleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 19 May\u0131s \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim Fak\u00fcltesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi Ferhan Karaer taraf\u0131ndan bitki \u00e7e\u015fitleri tespiti yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine kanal\u0131n kaya, s\u0131va ve har\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kimyasal analizleri K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130stanbul Restorasyon ve Konservasyon Merkez M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, jeolojik analizleri ise jeolog Karahan \u00d6kselo\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan analiz ve kaz\u0131lar neticesinde; kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 ana kaya blo\u011fu \u00fczerine su terazisi sistemine g\u00f6re antik Amasya kentine do\u011fru Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak Nehri\u2019nde oldu\u011fu gibi menderes yaparak \u015fehre girdi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kanal\u0131n kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131na oyulan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011finin ortalama 87-97 cm geni\u015fli\u011finde, kanal\u0131n tonoz dahil i\u00e7 y\u00fcksekli\u011finin 120 cm oldu\u011fu, i\u00e7 zeminden 80 cm. y\u00fckseklikten sonra kanal\u0131n iki yan\u0131na 20\u2019\u015fer cm. geni\u015fli\u011finde ana kayaya oyulmu\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sekiler \u015fekilde d\u00fczl\u00fcklerin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00fcz k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n kanal\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerini \u00f6reten mimari unsurun oturdu\u011fu tonoz ayaklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanal\u0131n \u00fczeri \u00f6rten tonozlar\u0131n ise moloz ta\u015flar\u0131n basit bindirme tekni\u011finde ve kilit sistemi uygulanarak yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi aralar\u0131na ise kum kire\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bir har\u00e7 serpildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yine kanal\u0131n i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f oyulmu\u015f olan i\u00e7 taban y\u00fczeyinde 3 cm. kal\u0131nl\u0131kta tu\u011fla tozu katk\u0131l\u0131 taban a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu i\u015fleminde tabanda olu\u015fabilecek kaya yar\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7atla\u011f\u0131ndan suyun kayb\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kanal\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde suyun y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l akmas\u0131 sonunca kanal\u0131n her iki yan duvar\u0131ndan taban 90 cm. y\u00fcksekli\u011fe kadar olu\u015fmu\u015f, (s\u00f6ng\u00fct) traverten \u00e7\u00f6keltisi olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131 yap\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mda \u00f6zellik sel tahribat\u0131na u\u011frayan k\u0131s\u0131mlardan kanal\u0131n onar\u0131m ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi toprak olan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n kanal\u0131n d\u0131\u015f y\u00fczeyinden payandalarla desteklendi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Kanal\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fczerinin ta\u015fa oyulan veya yer alt\u0131nda t\u00fcnel \u015feklinde giden k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda dahi bindirme tekni\u011finde moloz ta\u015flar\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ka\u015f \u015feklinde tonozla \u00fczerinin kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yer yer ta\u015f olan zeminde dikd\u00f6rtgen formlu kanal zeminden 3-4 cm daha a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da dinlendirme ve \u00e7\u00f6kertme havuzcuklar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yine kanal\u0131n ta\u015fa oyulmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ana kaya blo\u011fundan kanal oyuldu\u011funda esnada, kanala diyagonal 40-60 cm uzunlu\u011funda mur\u00e7lar\u0131n kayaya \u00e7ak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 hizada birka\u00e7 \u00e7ivinin yerle\u015ftirilmesiyle kayan\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n ana bloktan kopar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kaz\u0131 yap\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131mda ise; bir adet k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck boyutlu ge\u00e7 Bizans d\u00f6nemine 12.y\u00fczy\u0131la bir \u015fapel (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kilise) kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n apsis a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu apsisin taban\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a tahripli, beyaz, kahve, firuze, sar\u0131 ve ye\u015fil renkli ta\u015flardan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f tessera tekni\u011finde geometrik desenli taban mozai\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mezar molozlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kanal\u0131 dikey kesen kanal\u0131 i\u00e7erisine pi\u015fmi\u015f toprak levha ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir mezar ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Erken Roma d\u00f6nemine ok u\u00e7lar\u0131 Bizans d\u00f6nemine ait kap, seramik par\u00e7alar\u0131,\u00a0 bozularak i\u00e7erisine\u00a0 yap\u0131lan mimari olu\u015fumlar, kanal\u0131n 12.y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra i\u015flevini yitirerek, kaz\u0131 yap\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin iskana a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine ge\u00e7 Bizans \u00c7e\u015fitli metal e\u015fyalar \u00e7eki\u00e7, zincir vb. malzemeler ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amasya\u2019n\u0131n jeolojik yap\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda etraf\u0131 nehir seviyesinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 400 ila 500 metre y\u00fckseklikte tepelerle \u00e7anak bi\u00e7iminde \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bir vadi kentidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kalker kayal\u0131klar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bu vadi kentte suyu getirmenin kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n

2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda 40-50 l\/sn lik debiye sahip, \u015fehre 24 km mesafede bulunan, K\u0131rkg\u00f6z Su Kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak isimlendirilen kayna\u011f\u0131n, \u00c7ekerek nehri yata\u011f\u0131nda talveg d\u00fc\u015fmesi sonucu zeminden yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 m a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan, i\u00e7inden halen temiz kaynak suyu akan, bu g\u00fcn \u201cFerhat Su Kanal\u0131\u201d<\/strong> olarak isimlendirilen, yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnden bu yana \u015fehir giri\u015finde\u00a0 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyuran kanal\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. Toplam 24 km uzunlu\u011fa sahip olan ve m\u00fchendislik harikas\u0131 diyebilece\u011fimiz, baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlarda kayalara oyulmu\u015f, g\u00fczergah\u0131 boyunca di\u011fer kaynak sular\u0131n\u0131 da alarak bir su \u015febekesi \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip kanal Antik Amasya kentinin su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in eski teknikle in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kanal\u0131n ortalama e\u011fiminin % 0,07 oldu\u011fu hesaplanm\u0131\u015f ve bu e\u011fimin Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak ve kolu olan \u00c7ekerek \u00c7ay\u0131 taban e\u011fimi ile \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Ancak kanal\u0131n \u015fehre gelirken Ye\u015fil\u0131rmak\u2019\u0131 hangi noktadan ve nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ti\u011fine dair herhangi bir bulgu ve bilgiye rastlanamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir m\u00fchendislik harikas\u0131 olan bu su \u015febekesinin g\u00fcn \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kaz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gereklidir.<\/p>\n

Sundu\u011fumuz bu tebli\u011f; k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131, suyun ve insanl\u0131k tarihi boyunca medeniyetlerin bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131 olan Amasya\u2019da k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin olu\u015fmas\u0131nda, gelecekte \u00fclkelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmesindeki \u00f6nemini bir kez daha g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne sermesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

AMASYA (Anadolu Su Medeniyeti) \u201cAnadolu Tarihi Yeralt\u0131 Su Yap\u0131lar\u0131\u201dbelgeseli i\u00e7in alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u00a0Amasya’dan ba\u015flad\u0131. 33 ili kapsayan yurt gezim s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Orta Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinin merkezi olan Amasya ve Samsun\u00a0\u00e7evresindeki antik su yap\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7. \u00d6zellikle; tanr\u0131lar, krallar, padi\u015fahlar, \u015fehzadeler, vezirler, komutanlar, bilginler, evliyalar, aksakal bilge dervi\u015fler, veliler ve deliler yurdu Amasya\u2019n\u0131n bilinen 7500 y\u0131ll\u0131k yerle\u015fik kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=407"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1203,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/407\/revisions\/1203"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}