{"id":2677,"date":"2015-02-23T21:59:05","date_gmt":"2015-02-23T19:59:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=2677"},"modified":"2015-03-15T16:39:38","modified_gmt":"2015-03-15T14:39:38","slug":"gercek-suleyman-sah-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=2677","title":{"rendered":"GER\u00c7EK S\u00dcLEYMAN \u015eAH K\u0130MD\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"

$\"suleyman_sah_kimdir_h4564\"$ <\/a><\/p>\n

1. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah<\/b><\/p>\n

Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah veya k\u0131saca Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu (Arap alfabesiyle: \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0634 (S\u00fcleyman bin Kutalm\u0131\u015f)) (\u00f6. 1086), Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin kurucusudur. Sel\u00e7uk Bey’in o\u011flu Arslan Yabgu’nun torunudur. Babas\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015f Bey’dir.<\/p>\n

Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’in babas\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015f, Sel\u00e7uk Sultan\u0131 Tu\u011frul Bey ile \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey’in amcao\u011fluydu. Kutalm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nce Tu\u011frul Bey’e kar\u015f\u0131 isyan etmi\u015f; sonra B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taht\u0131na ge\u00e7en Alparslan’\u0131n sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015f ve onun ile ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya giri\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Kutalm\u0131\u015f 1064’te \u00f6l\u00fcnce (S\u00fcleyman \u015eah dahil) d\u00f6rt o\u011flu o zamanlar B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uk Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan fakat g\u00f6\u00e7ebe T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olan Anadolu’da Toros Da\u011flar\u0131 y\u00f6resine ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar ve Anadolu’ya yeni gelip yerle\u015fen T\u00fcrkmen boylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Burada da Alparslan’in devaml\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flar ve Alparslan’in zaman zaman ak\u0131nc\u0131 birlikleri g\u00f6ndererek taht\u0131n\u0131 tehdit edebilecek olan karde\u015fleri bertaraf etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00f6rt karde\u015ften en son S\u00fcleyman \u015eah hayatta kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin kurulmas\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n

Alparslan’\u0131n 1071 Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131 galibiyetinden sonra giderek daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da T\u00fcrkmen g\u00f6\u00e7men boylar\u0131 Anadolu’ya girip yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve S\u00fcleyman \u015eah bu T\u00fcrkmenlerin liderli\u011fini ele ge\u00e7irmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1073’te Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Melik\u015fah taraf\u0131ndan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uk Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131’na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 Sultan-\u0131 Rum (yani Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131) olarak tayin edilmi\u015ftir. Bizans s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda idaresini kuran Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, Bizans’l\u0131larla bazen sava\u015f yaparak bazen Bizans isyanc\u0131lar\u0131na yard\u0131m ederek h\u00fckm\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1075’te Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun Anadolu’da bulunan \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden \u0130znik (Nicaea) ile \u0130zmit (Nicomedia)’i eline ge\u00e7irmi\u015f ve G\u00fcney Marmara b\u00f6lgesine tamamen hakim olmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7anakkale bo\u011faz\u0131ndan ge\u00e7en gemilerden vergi $\"\"$ <\/a> almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1077’de \u00fclkesinin \u00f6zerkli\u011fini ilan edip \u0130znik merkezli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet olarak Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’ni kurmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin geli\u015fmesi<\/b><\/p>\n

1078’de S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Bizans \u0130mparatoru VII. Mikhail Dukas’la Bizans taht\u0131n\u0131 eline ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere isyan eden Anatolikon Themas\u0131 vali-generali Nikeforos Botaneiates’e kar\u015f\u0131 asker\u00ee yard\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat S\u00fcleyman \u015eah ordusu ile \u0130znik ile K\u00fctahya aras\u0131nda Nikeforus Botaeiates ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131nca asi generalin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha uygun \u015fartlar nedeniyle taraf de\u011fi\u015ftirip Nikeforus Botaeiates’a askeri yard\u0131m sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve onun III. Nikeforos ismi ile Bizans \u0130mparatoru olmas\u0131na \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur. Bu yard\u0131m dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Bizansl\u0131lar g\u00f6\u00e7men T\u00fcrkmenlerin Anadolu’da ta Bo\u011faz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar gelip yerle\u015fmelerini kabul etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

1080’de ise S\u00fcleyman \u015eah bir di\u011fer Bizans taht\u0131na ge\u00e7mek isteyen, bu sefer ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z, isyanc\u0131ya (Nikeforos Melissenos)’a yard\u0131m etmi\u015ftir. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinden \u00e7ekinen Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, (Balkanlardaki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisiyle de) Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti ile bir antla\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f ve bu antla\u015fmaya g\u00f6re Bizans, Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’ne y\u0131ll\u0131k tazminat \u00f6demeyi kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Bizans’la yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu antla\u015fma sonucu bat\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvenceye alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131 ve veziri Ebu’l-Kas\u0131m’\u0131 \u0130znik’te idareci olarak b\u0131rakan S\u00fcleyman \u015eah, do\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletme planlar\u0131 ile 1084’te \u00c7ukurova (Kilikya)’ya (ve belki de Suriye \u00fczerine) bir sefere \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu sefer sonucu Tarsus, Adana ve Antakya’y\u0131 devletinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na katm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tutu\u015f ile sava\u015f\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc<\/b><\/p>\n

Fakat \u0130ran merkezli B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu devletinin Suriye’de Melik (kral) unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan Melik\u015fah’\u0131n karde\u015fi ve Sultan Alpaslan’\u0131n o\u011flu olan Said Tac\u00fcldevle Tutu\u015f bu seferin kendi egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131nda olan Suriye \u00fczerine y\u00f6nelece\u011fini ku\u015fkusuyla, S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her ikisi de Sel\u00e7uklu hanedan\u0131ndan olan ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’ne ismen ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bu iki taraf aras\u0131ndaki askeri \u00e7eki\u015fmeye bu devletin ba\u015fkenti \u0130sfahan’da bulunan Sultan Melik\u015fah’in bir ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha belgelenmemi\u015ftir. Ama baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler Tutu\u015f’un Sultan Melik\u015fah emirleriyle hareket etti\u011fini bildirmektedirler.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekten S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Antakya’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra b\u00fct\u00fcn Suriye’ye sahip olma amac\u0131yla Halep’i ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Halep emiri olan \u0130bn-i Huteyti, Tutu\u015f’tan yard\u0131m istemi\u015f; Tutu\u015f yan\u0131na Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n yetenekli kumandanlar\u0131ndan (Artuklu Beyli\u011fi’nin kurucusu) Artuk Bey’i alarak 4 Haziran 1086 tarihinde Halep yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda Ayn Seylem Sava\u015f\u0131’nda S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah bu sava\u015fta ma\u011flup d\u00fc\u015ferek ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/b><\/p>\n

S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan ve Kulan Arslan, esir olarak B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uk Sultan\u0131 Melik\u015fah’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olan \u0130sfehan’a g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir. Bu ger\u00e7ek S\u00fcleyman \u015eah ile Tutu\u015f aras\u0131ndaki askeri \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya Melik\u015fah’in bir katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funa bir ipu\u00e7u olarak yorumlanmaktad\u0131r. Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti bu nedenle 1086-1092 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcmdars\u0131z ge\u00e7en bir “fetret d\u00f6nemi” ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f; ve \u00fclkeyi vezir Ebu’l-Kas\u0131m y\u00f6netmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1092’de Melik\u015fah’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lan I. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7arslan Anadolu’ya gelerek devletin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeki kamuoyunu yan\u0131ltan bu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah bilgisi yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin kurucusu Osman Gazi\u2019nin dedesidir. 1200\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 \u00fczerine yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 bini bulan tebaas\u0131yla\u00a0Anadolu\u2019ya gelmi\u015f ve F\u0131rat k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferlerine kar\u015f\u0131 Filistin\u2019e gitmek isterken bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Suriye\u2019de, 1227 y\u0131l\u0131nda F\u0131rat Nehri\u2019nde bo\u011fulmu\u015ftur. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah ve iki muhaf\u0131z\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m\u0131za takriben 100 km mesafede olan Caber Kalesi\u2019ne defnedilmi\u015ftir.\u201d<\/i><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. S\u00fcleyman \u015eah Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah veya k\u0131saca Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu (Arap alfabesiyle: \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0634 (S\u00fcleyman bin Kutalm\u0131\u015f)) (\u00f6. 1086), Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin kurucusudur. Sel\u00e7uk Bey’in o\u011flu Arslan Yabgu’nun torunudur. Babas\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015f Bey’dir. Malazgirt Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan \u00f6nceki ya\u015fam\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015fo\u011flu S\u00fcleyman \u015eah’in babas\u0131 Kutalm\u0131\u015f, Sel\u00e7uk Sultan\u0131 Tu\u011frul Bey ile \u00c7a\u011fr\u0131 Bey’in amcao\u011fluydu. Kutalm\u0131\u015f …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2677"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2677"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2733,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2677\/revisions\/2733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}