{"id":1514,"date":"2014-01-31T16:07:58","date_gmt":"2014-01-31T14:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=1514"},"modified":"2015-11-21T20:09:22","modified_gmt":"2015-11-21T18:09:22","slug":"turk-mitelojisinde-umay-ana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/?p=1514","title":{"rendered":"T\u00dcRK M\u0130TELOJ\u0130S\u0130NDE “KUTSAL UMAY ANA”"},"content":{"rendered":"

$\"KAM$ <\/a>Kadim T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi’nde ad\u0131 en \u00e7ok an\u0131lan fig\u00fcrlerden biri de<\/span>\u00a0<\/b>“Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131” diye an\u0131lan ailenin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n koruyucusu Umay’d\u0131r. Orhon yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Umay, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f uzun sa\u00e7l\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 boynuzlu ta\u00e7 olan ay \u015feklinde betimlenmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilinir ki T\u00fcrklerin inanc\u0131 g\u00f6k tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Orhon yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda G\u00f6k tanr\u0131ya yakard\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tengri tek tengri de bolmu\u015f T\u00fcrk Bige Ka\u011fan bu \u00f6dke olurt\u0131m.\u00a0 (KT k – 1)<\/p>\n

(Tanr\u0131 gibi g\u00f6kte olmu\u015f T\u00fcrk Bilge Ka\u011fan\u0131 bu zamanda oturdum.)<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00dcze T\u00fcrk tengrisi \u0131duk yiri sub\u0131 an\u00e7a itmis erin\u00e7 T\u00fcrk budun yok bolmazun tiyin, budun bol\u00e7un tiyin, kang\u0131m \u0130lteris kaqan\u0131g \u00f6g\u00fcm \u0130lbilqe Katunug tengri t\u00f6p\u00fcsinde tutup y\u00fcqer\u00fc k\u00f6t\u00fcrti erin\u00e7. (KT b 10, 11)<\/p>\n

(Yukar\u0131da T\u00fcrk tanr\u0131s\u0131 kutsal yeri, suyu vermi\u015f -ki T\u00fcrk halk\u0131 yok olmas\u0131n diye, birlik i\u00e7inde (millet) olsun diye babam \u0130lteri\u015f ka\u011fan, anam \u0130lbilge hatunu tanr\u0131 yukar\u0131dan idare ederek y\u00fckseltmi\u015f.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Umay teq \u00f6qim katun kut\u0131nga inim K\u00fcltigin er at bolt\u0131 ( KT b 31) –<\/p>\n

(Umay gibi, annem hatunun \u015ferefine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fime K\u00fcl Tigin ad\u0131 verildi.)<\/em><\/p>\n

Tanr\u0131, Umay Iduq Yer – Sub basa berti erin\u00e7. ( T 38)<\/p>\n

(Tanr\u0131 Umay kutsal yer \/ Bize gelmeyi bah\u015fettiler.)\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

UMAY S\u00d6Z\u00dcN\u00dcN K\u00d6KEN\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Umay’\u0131n ad\u0131 olan ta\u015f abideyi\u00a0S. \u0130. Rudenko ve A. N. Oluxov<\/strong>\u00a0Altay da\u011flar\u0131ndaki Kudirge mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buldular.<\/p>\n

Umay s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn um\/om k\u00f6k\u00fcnden t\u00fcredi\u011fini savlayanlar var. “Ummak\/dilemek” anlam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendiriyorlar. “\u00c7ift” anlam\u0131nda oldu\u011fu da savlan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Umay s\u00f6z\u00fc, Mo\u011folca’da “rahim”, Tunguzcada ise “Omo-umo”, k\u00f6k\u00fc “yumurtlama” anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Serikbol Kondibay<\/strong>‘a g\u00f6re “uma”, “\u00e7ift\/son” anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. “Ana karn\u0131nda do\u011fmakta olan bebek” anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu durumda, “uma” “ikiz \u00e7ocuk” anlam\u0131na gelirse “Umay” “b\u00fcy\u00fck anne” anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n

Ka\u015fgarl\u0131 Mahmut<\/strong>‘un “umay” s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klama bi\u00e7imi de dikkate de\u011fer. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck T\u00fcrk bilginiDivan-\u0131 L\u00fcgat-it T\u00fcrk’<\/em>de, “Umay, kad\u0131n do\u011fduktan sonra \u00e7\u0131kan sondur. Kad\u0131nlar Umay ile tefe’\u00fcl ederler. Umaya tap\u0131l\u0131rsa o\u011flan \u00e7ocuk olur derlermi\u015f.” diye yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

“Umay” deyimi, T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok yayg\u0131nd\u0131r ve yak\u0131n adlarla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ailenin, oca\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n koruyucusu, etraf\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k sa\u00e7an bir kad\u0131n anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk kavimleri Umay’\u0131, \u0130yilik tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131, Ana tanr\u0131\u00e7a ve Hayat tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 kabul ederler.<\/p>\n

T\u00dcRK HALKLARINDA UMAY<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda Umay ana, tan\u0131n\u0131r ve bilinir. \u00d6rne\u011fin O\u011fuzlar, Umay anay\u0131 ana karn\u0131ndaki bebeklerin koruyucusu olara kabul ederler. Hatta, “Kim Umay’a hizmet ederse o\u011flan \u00e7ocu\u011fu olur” deyimini atas\u00f6z\u00fc gibi kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u015eorlar\u0131n inanc\u0131nda Umay (May) bebeklerin koruyucusudur.<\/p>\n

Teleutlar ve \u015eorlar Umay’\u0131n “\u00fclgenden” ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde iki kay\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131 ile birlikte yere indi\u011fine inan\u0131rlar. \u00dclgen-\u015fim\u015fek, g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ekidir. Topra\u011f\u0131n, g\u00fcne\u015fin, ay\u0131n, g\u00f6k ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n, ate\u015fin, ilk insan\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teleut efsanelerinde Umay, dalgal\u0131 uzun g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f sa\u00e7l\u0131, ipek a\u011f \u0131\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 sa\u00e7an bir ilahe gibi betimlenir.\u00a0 G\u00f6kten g\u00f6kku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ile yere inmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f uzun sa\u00e7l\u0131 gen\u00e7 ve g\u00fczel kad\u0131n olarak tasvir ederler. K\u0131z\u0131l yay\u0131 ile bebekleri k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fcklerden korumaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Teleutlar ve Hakaslarda \u015famanlar Umay anay\u0131 “od ana” diye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar. Onlar Umay’\u0131 aile oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusu olarak bilirler.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ba\u015fk\u0131r folklorunda sabah \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u00e7an \u00f6t\u00fcc\u00fc ku\u011fu Umay, “Ural-bat\u0131r” ve “Akbuzat” destanlar\u0131nda i\u00e7eri\u011fine uygun yer tutar. Hatta \u00f6ten ku\u011fu, Ba\u015fk\u0131rlar\u0131n kadim ecdad\u0131 kabul edilir ve onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek yasakt\u0131r. Ba\u015fk\u0131r destanlar\u0131ndaki Umay kavram\u0131 ile Do\u011fu T\u00fcrk destanlar\u0131ndaki Umay kavram\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark \u015fudur: Ba\u015fk\u0131rlar Umay’\u0131 yeni do\u011furmu\u015f anan\u0131n ve yeni do\u011fmu\u015f bebe\u011fin koruyucusu olarak g\u00f6rmezler. Ayr\u0131ca Ba\u015fk\u0131rlarda Umay’\u0131n \u015faman ayinleriyle ilgisi yoktur.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 tasvirlerde Umay’\u0131n kanatl\u0131 \u00e7izilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 tesad\u00fcf de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fk\u0131rlarda Umay ger\u00e7ekte (\u00f6t\u00fcc\u00fc ku\u011fu, \u00f6rdek) tasvirindedir ve bu elbette “Ural-bat\u0131r ” dastan\u0131ndak\u0131 di\u015fi-\u00f6ten ku\u011fu imgesi ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n

Efsaneye g\u00f6re Umay, G\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Koya\u015f’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda G\u00fcne\u015fle yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f gibidir. O, g\u00fczel, a\u00e7\u0131k renkli, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k sa\u00e7lar\u0131 ile d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmaktad\u0131r. Umay, Samray ku\u015funun iyilik g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahiptir. \u00d6l\u00fcms\u00fcz olan ve gelece\u011fi g\u00f6ren Umay, k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6t\u00fcc\u00fc ku\u011fuya \u00e7evirip kanatl\u0131 at\u0131 A\u011fbuzatla g\u00f6\u011f\u00fc gezer.<\/p>\n

“Ural -bat\u0131r ” dastan\u0131nda Umay\u0131n bac\u0131s\u0131 Ayh\u0131lu – Ay G\u00fczeli olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n anneleri G\u00fcn ve Ay\u00a0 Samray ku\u015fu i\u00e7in ilk kutsal varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Ayh\u0131lu yeralt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n sahibesidir.<\/p>\n

Umay ana hakk\u0131nda Kazaklar\u0131n efsanesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

Anal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve aile oca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusu Umay ana, \u00e7ok i\u015fg\u00fczar bir kad\u0131nd\u0131. O, on iki k\u0131z evlad\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Onlar\u0131n her biri gittikleri her eve ho\u015fbetlik ve u\u011fur g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi. Bu kad\u0131nlar o kadar i\u015fseverdiler ki bir derenin suyunu kesip susuz \u00e7\u00f6llere y\u00f6nlendirebilirlerdi. Onlar da\u011fdaki \u00e7e\u015fmeleri a\u00e7\u0131p insanlar\u0131n hizmetine sunarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n insanlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetlere bakan Umay ana onlarla hep gurur duydu. Bu d\u00fcnyadan g\u00f6\u00e7me zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde ise k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n canla ba\u015fla halka hizmet etti\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve onlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilmesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek bir kayaya \u00e7evirdi.<\/p>\n

E\u011fer insanlar onlara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterirlerse k\u00f6t\u00fc olmazlar, tek olmazlar, insanlar en k\u00f6t\u00fc, en \u00e7etin durumlarda bile yanl\u0131\u015f yola sapmazlar.<\/p>\n

L. P. Patapov<\/strong>‘un yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Yenisey \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 boyunca ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrk boyu Hakaslar, bebek do\u011fdu\u011fu andan b\u00fcy\u00fcyene dek ruhu, can\u0131 Umay\u0131 (Imay) olarak adland\u0131rarlarm\u0131\u015f. Bebek serbest kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 3 ya\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra onun ruhu “Kut” adlan\u0131r. \u0130nsan \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde “Kut” onu bir defal\u0131k terk eder.<\/p>\n

Hakaslar’da \u00e7ocuk uykuda konu\u015fursa onun Umay’la konu\u015ftu\u011funa inan\u0131rlar. E\u011fer \u00e7ocuk uykuda a\u011flarsa Umay’\u0131n ge\u00e7ici olarak onu terk etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f. \u00c7ocuk hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Umay’\u0131n onu terk etti\u011finden korkan ana Umay’\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in \u015eaman’a ba\u015fvururlarm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcrse Umay’\u0131n onu bir defal\u0131k terk etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylerlermi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Hakaslar’da Umay b\u00f6yle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 koruyan olarak kabul edilse de Kara Umay’\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc ruh, \u00e7ocuklara k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck eden olarak tan\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan mitolojisinde Umay imgesine rastlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla halk aras\u0131nda “Hal anas\u0131” denen Kara Umay’d\u0131r. Adeten, yeni do\u011furan kad\u0131nlar, “hal anas\u0131 yapt\u0131!” derler.<\/p>\n

Halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Deyimleri Duyumlar\u0131<\/em>\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda\u00a0M. Hekimov<\/strong>, “Hal anas\u0131”n\u0131 olumlu bir varl\u0131k, yeni do\u011fan bebe\u011fin sahibi olarak g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen\u00a0V. A. Qordlevsk<\/strong>i, kaydetti\u011fi “Al kar\u0131”s\u0131 “Hal ana”n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcd\u00fcr. Al kar\u0131 olumlu imgedir.<\/p>\n

Bizce hem “Hal ana”, hem “Al kar\u0131” \u00d6zbeklerin “Al bast” diye adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 kara Umay’d\u0131r.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/b>\u00d6zbekler’in “Al bast”\u0131 yeni do\u011furmu\u015f kad\u0131nlara d\u00fc\u015fmanm\u0131\u015f; onlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek istermi\u015f. Onlar\u0131, sar\u0131 ve uzun sa\u00e7lar\u0131 olan “Sar\u0131 ana”y\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n koruyucusu bellemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

SONU\u00c7 OLARAK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaydetti\u011fimiz gibi baz\u0131 T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131nda Umay kanatl\u0131 ku\u015f \u015feklinde tasvir olunuyordu.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00d6rne\u011fin Kumanlar’da ana karn\u0131nda olu\u015fan bebek do\u011fana dek Umay ana taraf\u0131ndan korundu\u011funa inan\u0131l\u0131r. Do\u011fum sanc\u0131lar\u0131nda onu yard\u0131ma \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rg\u0131zlarda, “Umay Ene-Kuday Ene” kutsal say\u0131l\u0131r. Evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 sava\u015fa g\u00f6nderen analar “Seni Umay anaya emanet ettim (tap\u015f\u0131rd\u0131m)” derler.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0Manas Destan\u0131<\/em>‘nda da Umay Ana do\u011fum zaman\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n

Umay imgesine, yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131nda de\u011fil di\u011fer halklar\u0131n mitolojilerinde de rastlan\u0131r. Hint mitolojisinde Umay’a yak\u0131n Uma ad\u0131 ge\u00e7er. Uma Maxadevi (Ana ilahe) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu mit imgenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, k\u00f6keni M.\u00d6. 3 bin y\u0131l\u0131na dayan\u0131r.\u00a0<\/b>Bu Hindistan’a Ari \u0131rk\u0131n geldi\u011fi devirdir. S\u00fcmerler’de olan “Hamma” da bu devre ait kabul edilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kaynak: \u015eahnaz Kemal \/ Ahmet Y\u0131ld\u0131z,\u00a0<\/strong>Ger\u00e7ekedebiyat.com<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kadim T\u00fcrk Mitolojisi’nde ad\u0131 en \u00e7ok an\u0131lan fig\u00fcrlerden biri de\u00a0“Tanr\u0131n\u0131n Han\u0131m\u0131” diye an\u0131lan ailenin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n koruyucusu Umay’d\u0131r. Orhon yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en Umay, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f uzun sa\u00e7l\u0131, ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7 boynuzlu ta\u00e7 olan ay \u015feklinde betimlenmi\u015ftir. Bilinir ki T\u00fcrklerin inanc\u0131 g\u00f6k tanr\u0131c\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Orhon yaz\u0131tlar\u0131nda G\u00f6k tanr\u0131ya yakard\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Tengri tek tengri de bolmu\u015f T\u00fcrk Bige Ka\u011fan bu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[66],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1514"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2148,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1514\/revisions\/2148"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1235"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.dursunozden.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}