22 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m, bu Suriye gezi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lerin kirli oyunlar\u0131 ard\u0131ndan; g\u00f6\u00e7, ter\u00f6r ve sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6lgesinde yeniden yazma gereksinimi duydum\u2026 Suriyeli karde\u015flerimin ak\u0131betini merak etmekteyim. Dilerim en k\u0131sa zamanda Suriye topraklar\u0131nda sava\u015f, ter\u00f6r ve g\u00f6\u00e7ler sona erer ve ben de yeniden; inan\u00e7lar\u0131n ve medeniyetlerin be\u015fi\u011fi olan bu kutsal ve bereketli topraklara gitme olanak\u0131 bulurum umudunu ta\u015f\u0131maktay\u0131m hep\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
G\u00fcney kap\u0131 kom\u015fumuz Suriye topraklar\u0131 kan revan i\u00e7inde iken; \u201cbu yaz\u0131 da nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u201d<\/em> dedi\u011finizi duymaktay\u0131m. Ama Laskiye ve Suriye\u2019nin pek \u00e7ok yeri hala cennet gibi\u2026 Her bak\u0131mdan \u0130zmir\u2019in \u015firin il\u00e7esi Fo\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 and\u0131ran, Suriye\u2019nin Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan ve Suriyelilerin \u201cYery\u00fcz\u00fc Cenneti\u201d <\/em>dedikleri Laskiye (Lasky, Laskia, Latakia);<\/strong> b\u00f6lgeyi saran t\u00fcm olumsuz ko\u015fullara kar\u015f\u0131n, hala cazibe merkezi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini koruyor. Bu gezi yaz\u0131mda; 2015\u2019de, I\u015eID militanlar\u0131<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131lan, y\u0131k\u0131lan ve ya\u011fmalanan UNESCO korumas\u0131nda olan Palmira Antik Kenti\u2019<\/strong>nden ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6z edece\u011fim\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Damascus \u00dcniversitesi \u00d6\u011fretim \u00dcyesi dan\u0131\u015fman arkada\u015f\u0131m, tarih\u00e7i Prof. Dr. Mehmet Yuva <\/strong>ve rehberim Ahmet Hac\u0131\u2019<\/strong>ya te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayan bir umman\u2019a, yitik zaman\u0131n sonsuz gizemine bir yolculuktu bu\u2026 Fark\u0131n, fark\u0131na vararak, yeniden\u2026 Turist gelip, sevdal\u0131 dost olarak d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm bir yolculuk\u2026 Bir Modern Seyyah olan Yoleri Gezgin Dervi\u015f,<\/strong> bu kez \u201c<\/em>\u015eeker Tarlas\u0131 Suriye\u201d<\/em><\/strong>de<\/em> mola verdi\u2026 \u0130rice, esmer tenli ve lacivert g\u00f6zl\u00fc g\u00fczel kom\u015fumuzla, d\u00fc\u015fe dald\u0131\u2026 Etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n harman yeri, g\u00fcney kom\u015fumuz laik Suriye, bende ilk olarak \u015funlar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor: Babil Kulesi<\/strong>\u2019nde yank\u0131lana Beyrutlu sanat\u00e7\u0131 Feyruz\u2019<\/strong>un kadife sesi, Meryemti ve Ezo Gelin T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc, <\/strong>\u015eam \u015fekeri, rahvan y\u00fcr\u00fcyen Arap atlar\u0131, kara k\u0131l \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda ya\u015fayan g\u00f6\u00e7ebe Bedeviler, Ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda zikir eden D\u00fcrziler ve Aramiler, <\/strong>\u015eaman gelenekini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren T\u00fcrkmenler, kutsal dinlerin ilk yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar, beyaz tenli ve iri lacivert g\u00f6zl\u00fc g\u00fczeller, maskeli \u015fahin avc\u0131lar, ac\u0131l\u0131 ve tatl\u0131 yiyecekler, Selahaddin Eyyubi, Cemal Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, Hatay ve su sorunu, \u0130srail i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda bulunan Golan Tepeleri, Sultan Vahdettin\u2019in kabri, Osmanl\u0131 izleri ve Hamidiye Kapal\u0131 \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131, \u0130mam H\u00fcseyin<\/strong>\u2019in kesik ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm \u0130slami mesheplerin ayn\u0131 mekanda seremonik zikirlerini \u00f6zg\u00fcrce yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eam<\/strong> Emevi Camisi<\/strong> i\u00e7inde bulunan; Kristal T\u00fcrbe<\/strong>, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131r boylar\u0131nda bayramla\u015fma ve d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn t\u00f6renleri, may\u0131n tarlalar\u0131, ka\u00e7ak petrol ve s\u0131n\u0131r ticareti, dans ve ezgili \u015fark\u0131lar\u2026 Bir de; \u201ceski kom\u015fu, yeni dost\u201d<\/em> ya da \u201cyeni dost, yeni f\u0131rsat\u201d<\/em> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zetlenen ortak \u00e7\u0131kar ve g\u00fcvenle \u00f6r\u00fclen \u201ciki dost ve karde\u015f \u00fclke\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlayabilece\u011fimiz ili\u015fkinin bir yan\u0131 Suriye\u2026 Y\u00fczy\u0131llarca Emevi ve Osmanl\u0131 <\/strong>topraklar\u0131 olan Suriye\u2019nin hemen her kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131nda, bu izleri g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dc\u00e7 kez gitti\u011fim Suriye gezim <\/strong>s\u0131ras\u0131nda, hi\u00e7 de kendimi yabanc\u0131 bir \u00fclke topraklar\u0131nda hissetmedim. S\u0131cak, candan, dost ve g\u00fcler y\u00fczl\u00fc insanlar\u0131n ve b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici g\u00fczellerin \u00e7ekicili\u011fi, bu co\u011frafyaya yeniden gitmenize neden oluyor\u2026 Laskiye yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Selahaddin Eyyubi Kalesi<\/strong>, tarihi liman\u0131, narenciye ve zeytin bah\u00e7eleri yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; alt\u0131n kumsallar\u0131 ile Laskiye\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131 \u015eenk\u00f6y<\/strong>\u2019de bulunan tarih\u00ee t\u00fcrbesi, cumbal\u0131 evleri ve G\u00f6renta\u015f K\u00f6y\u00fc<\/strong> de T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan sulama g\u00f6leti de, b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli mesire ve turistik yerlerindendir. Lazkiye\u2019nin kuzeyinde, bir ba\u015fka mesire yeri olan Balluran Baraj G\u00f6l\u00fc<\/strong> vard\u0131r. Genel olarak Suriye\u2019nin ve \u00f6zel olarak da Tartus ve Laskiye\u2019nin; mavi bayrakl\u0131 temiz denizi ve alt\u0131n kumsallar\u0131 olan plajlar\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Keseb K\u00f6y\u00fc ve \u015eat-ul Ezrak<\/strong>; turistler taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilen sayfiye yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Laskiye\u2019nin 500.000 n\u00fcfusun (\u015fimdilerde g\u00f6\u00e7 nedeniyle bu n\u00fcfus olduk\u00e7a azalm\u0131\u015f olsa da) \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Arap Alevileri (Nusayriler)<\/strong> olu\u015fturur. Lazkiye \u015fehrinde ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrklerin n\u00fcfusu ise; 100.000 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Lazkiye \u015fehir merkezi kuzeyinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 km sonra Suriye T\u00fcrklerinin, k\u00f6y ve kasabalardan olu\u015fan yerle\u015fim b\u00f6lgeleri ba\u015flar ve T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f-Kum-Deniz ve alternatif turizmin cazibe merkezi olan Lazkiye sahil<\/strong> \u015feridinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131; Suriye\u2019nin Akdeniz\u2019e a\u00e7\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli kap\u0131s\u0131 olan Laskiye liman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatay\u2019\u0131n Yaylada\u011f\u0131 \u0130l\u00e7esi g\u00fcmr\u00fck kap\u0131s\u0131ndan, Lazkiye\u2019ye ula\u015f\u0131m son derece kolayla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Antakya ile Yaylada\u011f\u0131<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki Frans\u0131zlar zaman\u0131ndan kalan \u00e7ok virajl\u0131, dar ve 50 km\u2019lik asfalt yol yerine, 35 km\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015fen 4 \u015feritli duble yol yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Lazkiye<\/strong>, 1987 Akdeniz Oyunlar\u0131\u2019na da ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eat-\u00fcl Ezrak ile Laskiye<\/strong> \u015fehir merkezi aras\u0131 13 km mesafedir. Bu arada \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan taksiler 100 ila 250 Suriye Liras\u0131 aras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen miktarlarda para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 taksi bedeli almaktad\u0131rlar. \u0130skenderun, Samanda\u011f ve Antakya\u2019dan Halep\u2019e, Yaylada\u011f\u2019dan Laskiye\u2019ye taksiler de yolcu ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Antakya\u2019da ya\u015fayan sevgili arkada\u015f\u0131m Lemye Meri\u00e7<\/strong>\u2019in konu\u011fu olarak; Samanda\u011f\u0131 ve Harbiye molam\u0131z\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 10 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrecek olan kap\u0131 kom\u015fumuz Suriye\u2019ye gitme zaman\u0131m\u0131z gelmi\u015fti\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n en i\u015flek noktas\u0131 olan Reyhanl\u0131 <\/strong>yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Cilveg\u00f6z\u00fc<\/strong>\u2019nden sonra, Halep<\/strong>\u2019den ba\u015flayan Suriye gezimiz; Suriye\u2019nin Fo\u00e7as\u0131 Laskiye<\/strong>\u2019de son buldu. Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, zeytin, nar ve narenciye \u00fcretimi ile \u00fcnl\u00fc liman kenti Laskiye halk\u0131n\u0131n konukseverli\u011fi, bize hi\u00e7 yabanc\u0131 de\u011fildi. Folklor, m\u00fczik, inan\u00e7, sosyal doku ve ortak zengin tarihi miras\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini ve ahengini; bat\u0131 merkezli kirli oyunlar\u0131n ve hi\u00e7 bir s\u0131n\u0131r telinin b\u00f6lemeyece\u011fine inanc\u0131m\u0131z peki\u015fti. Hele yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri Antakya mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. Az da olsa Trabzon\u2019dan gelme Lazlar\u0131n da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Laskiye\u2019de; kendimizi \u0130zmir\u2019in \u015firin il\u00e7esi Fo\u00e7a\u2019da zannettik. Yak\u0131n ve Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da gezilip g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken tarihi, do\u011fal ve turistik yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen Laskiye, yeni konuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve eski dinlence ve e\u011flenme merkezi olma cazibesini bekliyor, yeniden\u2026 Kadife sesli sanat\u00e7\u0131 Feyruz<\/strong>\u2019un sevda, h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve bar\u0131\u015f esintili \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131; \u015fafa\u011f\u0131n dudak izini aralayan tan \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi a\u015fklar\u0131n na\u011fmelerinde ve Akdeniz\u2019in, g\u00fcne\u015fi ilk \u00f6pt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc turkuvaz rengi k\u0131y\u0131larda yank\u0131lan\u0131yor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Damaskus (\u015eam) \u00dcniversitesi\u2019<\/strong>nde \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olan rehber arkada\u015f\u0131m tarih\u00e7i yazar Prof. Dr. Muhammed Yuva\u2019<\/strong>n\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, 1995\u2019den bu yana; Edebiyat-K\u00fclt\u00fcr-Sanat-Turizm \u00f6zelinde ba\u015flayan, T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye karde\u015fli\u011fi ve iyi kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkilerinin peki\u015fmesindeki gayretlerimiz s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Benim de kurucu \u00fcyesi oldu\u011fum; T\u00fcrk-Arap Bilim, K\u00fclt\u00fcr, Sanat ve Dostluk Derne\u011fi<\/strong>\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da; b\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f ve karde\u015fli\u011fin olgunla\u015fmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan; bir Naz\u0131m Hikmet sevdal\u0131s\u0131 olan, eski Savunma Bakan\u0131 ve \u015fair Musfata T\u0131las<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n Laskiyeli g\u00fczellere yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fk y\u00fckl\u00fc dizelerinde, Suriye\u2019nin K\u00fclt\u00fcr An\u0131t\u0131 olan ve eski K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakan\u0131 Necah el Attar<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n Aziz Nesin hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve tutkusuna esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan dokunu\u015fundaki konukseverli\u011fin izlerini arad\u0131m\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pek \u00e7ok etkinlikte ve sohbet toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda; Kemal Atat\u00fcrk ile Fidel Castro <\/strong>ortak paydas\u0131ndan ve \u201c\u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Devrimci \u00d6nderleri\u201d <\/strong>olarak s\u00f6z eden K\u00fcba\u2019n\u0131n Ankara eski B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi Alberto Gonzales Casals<\/strong>; T\u00fcrkiye-K\u00fcba dostlu\u011funun geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel gayret sarf ediyor. Onlar; ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yar\u0131na ba\u011flayan, sevda ve bar\u0131\u015f t\u00fcten, kom\u015fu evin bacas\u0131ndan y\u00fckselen nice a\u015fklar\u0131n m\u00fcjdecisi oldular. Do\u011fu Suriye\u2019de \u0130skender\u2019in yak\u0131p bitiremedi\u011fi Palmira Antik Kenti<\/strong>\u2019nin tarihi oniks mermer s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda, g\u00f6\u011fe eri\u015fen nice sevdalara tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettik. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dize getiren Selahaddin Eyyubi Kalesi\u2019<\/strong>nin burcundan, Akdeniz\u2019i selamlayan beyaz bayraklar\u0131n \u0130skenderun\u2019a al bir atlas gibi el uzatmas\u0131 ne g\u00fczel\u2026 Laskiye sokaklar\u0131nda \u00f6zg\u00fcn Arap m\u00fczi\u011finin t\u0131n\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yank\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaset\u00e7i d\u00fckkanlar\u0131 ve deniz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kokan lokantalar sizi bekliyor\u2026 B\u00fclent Ersoy ve \u0130brahim Tatl\u0131ses \u015fark\u0131lar<\/strong>\u0131, Laskiye\u2019nin ak\u015fam sefas\u0131 co\u015fkusuna e\u015flik ediyor\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Suriye topraklar\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce, mutlaka Antakya\u2019y\u0131 gezmenizi \u00f6neririm. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc buradaki her \u015fey sizi Suriye\u2019ye al\u0131\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Cilveg\u00f6z\u00fc <\/strong>s\u0131n\u0131r kap\u0131s\u0131ndan girdikten sonra ilk dura\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Halep oldu. Dervi\u015f danslar\u0131n\u0131n ve sufi m\u00fczik dinletilerinin gizemli izlerinin g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tarihin ilmek ilmek dokundu\u011fu Halep<\/strong> sokaklar\u0131 ve kalesi; laik ve ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve eski ile \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f olan\u0131n bulu\u015ftu\u011fu uygar bir kent olan ba\u015fkent \u015eam (Damascus)\u2019<\/strong>a vard\u0131k. Umur Da\u011f\u0131<\/strong> a\u015firetlerini koruyan Ay Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k y\u00fcz\u00fcne el s\u00fcrerek, B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender<\/strong> ordular\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131p ya\u011fmalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Fahrettin Sultan Kalesi\u2019<\/strong>nden, tarihe bir ku\u015fbak\u0131\u015f\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131lan antik Palmyra <\/strong>bizi selamlad\u0131. Yeralt\u0131 manast\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n ve kayadan oyma mazgall\u0131 evlerin, g\u00fcne\u015fe g\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi\u011fi Maalula <\/strong>bir ba\u015fka gizemli yerdi. Abdulaziz Da\u011f\u0131<\/strong> eteklerinde tarihi Ba\u011fdat Kap\u0131<\/strong> \u201dho\u015f geldiniz\u201d <\/em>diyerek selamlad\u0131 bizi. \u015eark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek has\u0131r \u00f6ren g\u00fczellerin mekan\u0131 Dara <\/strong>bir ba\u015fka idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tanr\u0131 ve krallar kap\u0131s\u0131 Basra\u2019<\/strong>n\u0131n kutsal yolun giri\u015fiydi. G\u00fczellik Tanr\u0131s\u0131 Ven\u00fcs<\/strong>\u2019\u00fcn sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tarad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Suriye \u0130mparatoru Philip<\/strong>\u2019in tiyatro izledi\u011fi mozaik kenti Shahpa<\/strong>, Antep\u2019i an\u0131msat\u0131yordu. Be\u015f bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce yap\u0131lan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinden biri olan, k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi Ebla <\/strong>duvarlar\u0131na sinmi\u015f \u015fiirler vard\u0131. Sabahlar\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131ndan ald\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131cak ekmekleri sokak aralar\u0131na ve kald\u0131r\u0131mlara seren ve onlar\u0131 kabart\u0131p yiyen insanlar\u0131n kenti Hama<\/strong>\u2019da sabah bir ba\u015fka idi. \u00c7an seslerinin y\u00fckseldi\u011fi ve halk\u0131n\u0131n %90\u2019\u0131 Ortodoks olan Epamea,<\/strong> Roma\u2019y\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131yordu. Baraj g\u00f6l\u00fc sayesinde, sar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l s\u0131ca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir nebze olsun aralayan, Suriye Eski Savunma Bakan\u0131 ve ODT\u00dc mezunu olan Mustafa Tlass<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n, memleketi Arstan\u2019da iklim bile de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f. \u0130slamiyetin ilk yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerden biri ve Halid bin Velid Camisi <\/strong>kubbesinde yans\u0131yan Humus\u2019<\/strong>da ezan sesi bir ba\u015fka dokunakl\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fcks otellerin ve alt\u0131n kumsallar\u0131n oldu\u011fu; zeytin, hurma, \u00fcz\u00fcm ve narenciye bah\u00e7elerinin ye\u015filli\u011fi ile Akdeniz mavisinin kucakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131 \u015fehri Tartus,<\/strong> Mersin\u2019i de and\u0131r\u0131yor. \u0130zmir\u2019in \u015firin il\u00e7esi Fo\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 and\u0131ran tatil k\u00f6yleri, turistik tesisleri, e\u011flence ve dinlence yerleri ile kakt\u00fcs ve portakal a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan esen \u0131l\u0131k Akdeniz havas\u0131n\u0131n solundu\u011fu cennet kent Lasky (Laskiye)\u2019<\/strong>de hayat bir ba\u015fkad\u0131r. Buraya Hatay\u2019\u0131n Yaylada\u011f\u0131 il\u00e7esinden g\u00fcn\u00fc birlik gidip geliniyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Yaylada\u011f; Laskiye\u2019ye otomobille ve otob\u00fcsle, yaln\u0131zca 2 saat uzakl\u0131kta. \u0130stanbul, Ankara, Adana, Mardin, Urfa, Antep ve Antakya\u2019dan \u015eam\u2019<\/strong>a g\u00fcnl\u00fck otob\u00fcs seferleri yap\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye-Suriye gerginli\u011finden \u00f6nce, THY ve Suriye Hava Yollar\u0131 u\u00e7aklar\u0131yla da \u015eam\u2019a gitme olanak\u0131 bulunuyordu. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte bayram ve seyranlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcnen, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n iki yakas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan akrabalar\u0131n, bildik kucakla\u015fma ve g\u00f6\u00e7 manzaralar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan; \u015fimdi ise kalbura d\u00f6nen, 600 km uzunlu\u011fundaki Suriye s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan, <\/strong>tehlikeli ve yasak may\u0131n tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak gelen, binlerce g\u00f6\u00e7men T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ak\u0131n etmektedir. Her \u015feye kar\u015f\u0131n; mutlaka gezilip g\u00f6r\u00fclecek yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelen Suriye ve \u00f6zel olarak da Laskiye\u2019<\/strong>de ya\u015fam s\u00fcr\u00fcyor\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7ift\u00e7ilikle u\u011fra\u015fan Fellah Araplar\u0131n yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong> bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, Hatay ve \u00c7ukurova B\u00f6lgesini aratmayan Laskiye\u2019de; l\u00fcks konaklama yerlerinden pansiyon evlere kadar, her keseye uygun konaklama mekanlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131nlar\u0131 ve e\u011flence d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in de; b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ticaret liman kenti ve renkli bir pazard\u0131r Laskiye\u2026 \u0130zmir\u2019in \u015firin il\u00e7esi olan Fo\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n ikizi Laskiye\u2019nin do\u011fusunda y\u00fckselen Selahaddin Eyyubi Kalesi<\/strong>. Ortado\u011fu, Arap \u00fclkeleri, Avrupa ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelen turistlerin en \u00e7ok ziyaret etti\u011fi yerlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyor. T\u00fcrkiye, Suriye\u2019nin bat\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131lan tek kap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en uzun kara s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olan Suriye, yaln\u0131z bayramda seyranda de\u011fil, her zaman T\u00fcrk konuklar\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6te yandan; genel olarak Suriye ve \u00f6zel olarakta Laskiye ve Palmira; <\/strong>Arap Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130lk Arap matbaas\u0131 1712\u2019de Halep\u2019de kurulmu\u015ftur. \u201cMir\u2019at-\u00fcl Ahval Gazetesi\u201d <\/strong>bu y\u0131llarda bask\u0131ya ba\u015flad\u0131. Halil Merdam, Cebri, Bedevi el Cebel<\/strong> gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc \u201culusalc\u0131\u201d<\/em> \u015fairler, ilk eserlerini 1919\u2019da yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Suriye Yeni D\u00f6nem Edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lardan Sadullah Vannus, Yusuf Nasrullah ve \u015eerif Haznedar<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra; \u00fcnl\u00fc Suriyeli \u015fairlerin ses, hece, vurgu, imgeli, yal\u0131n ve lirik dizelerinden olu\u015fan \u015fiirlerin teknik s\u00f6ylem ve bi\u00e7emindeki zenginlik; gen\u00e7 ku\u015fak \u015fairlere esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu Laskiye\u2026 Laskiye\u2019de \u00e7ok satan kitaplar \u015funlard\u0131: \u201cK\u0131br\u0131s Tarihi\u201d <\/em>Prof. Dr. Muhammed Yuva,<\/strong> \u201cG\u00fcnlerin D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d <\/em>Necah El Attar, <\/strong>\u201cAnadolu Kurdu Mustafa Kemal\u201d<\/em> Mustafa Zein<\/strong>, \u201c\u00c7erkezler Tarihi<\/em>\u201d Jesgua Jesus, <\/strong>\u201c\u015eiir Bir \u00d6p\u00fcc\u00fck \u00c7i\u00e7ektir\u201d<\/em> Mustafa Tlass, <\/strong>\u201cG\u00fczel Gelin\u201d<\/em> Fairuz-Wadi Alsafi,<\/strong> \u201cSuriye Tarihi\u201d<\/em> Philip K. Hitti,<\/strong> \u201cAh Biz E\u015fekler\u201d<\/em> Aziz Nesin\u201d<\/strong>\u2026 Kitap, k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 bulunmayan bir umman\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eiiristan\u2019a-Suriye\u2019ye turist gelip, ilgi y\u00fckl\u00fc dost d\u00f6nmek buna denir\u2026 A\u015fk bah\u00e7esi, \u015eam \u015fekeri ve Laskiye g\u00fczeli olan kap\u0131 kom\u015fumuz Suriye\u2019nin usta \u015fairi \u00d6mer Ebi Rabia (<\/strong>\u00d6l\u00fcm: 720)\u2019nin \u015fu dizeleriyle, sizleri selaml\u0131yorum. \u201cNazik\u00e7e, g\u00fczelli\u011fin sessizli\u011fine dald\u0131. Sabah\u0131n hafif serinli\u011fine uzanan bir dald\u0131. G\u00f6zlerim kama\u015ft\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda, \u00f6n\u00fcmde. Her \u015fey puslu ve \u015fekiller karma\u015f\u0131k haldi. Ben asla aramad\u0131m, o asla aramad\u0131. Saat, a\u015fk ve bulu\u015fma kadere kald\u0131\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira – Palmyra ve Tedmur – Tadmor bizi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor, yeniden\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira; <\/strong>Orta Suriye<\/a> \u00c7\u00f6l B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde, antik zamanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli dini ve ticari merkezi olan, UNESCO<\/strong><\/a> taraf\u0131ndan 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda, <\/strong>D\u00fcnya Miras Listesi<\/strong><\/a>‘ne al\u0131nan<\/strong> \u015fehirdir. Suriye\u2019de s\u00fcrmekte olan kanl\u0131 – kirli sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 25 May\u0131s 2015 ve sonras\u0131nda I\u015eID militanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131p, ya\u011fmalanan Palmira Antik Kenti,<\/strong> insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 olarak yeniden kurtar\u0131lmay\u0131 ve korunup, tan\u0131t\u0131lmay\u0131 bekliyor\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Daha \u00f6nce, sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi Suriye\u2019yi tan\u0131tan pek \u00e7ok gezi yaz\u0131s\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Suriye\u2019nin eski K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakan\u0131 sevgili Necah Al Attar<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n davetlisi olarak iki kez gitti\u011fim, bir turizm cenneti olan eski Suriye\u2019nin son yeni durumunu merak etmekteyim\u2026 \u00d6zellikle; \u015eam, Halep, Dara, Humus, Tartus, Laskiye, Tedmur Kalesi ve Palmira Antik Kentini yeniden g\u00f6rmem i\u00e7in, bir an \u00f6nce sava\u015f bitsin istiyorum\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kent, Humus Valili\u011fi<\/strong><\/a>‘<\/strong>nin, Palmira \u0130li<\/a>‘ne ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. \u015eam<\/a>‘\u0131n 215 km kuzeydo\u011fusunda, Humus<\/a>‘un 155 km do\u011fusunda ve F\u0131rat<\/a>‘\u0131n 120 km g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131nda bir vaha<\/a> \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015ftur. Suriye \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ticari kervanlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131nda olmas\u0131 sebebiyle “\u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcn Gelini”<\/strong> de denilen \u015fehrin isminin bulunan ilk bilgilere g\u00f6re Tedmur, Tedm\u00fcr, Tadmur veya Tudmur oldu\u011fu Mari’de bulunan Babil<\/a> tabletlerindeki kay\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Frans\u0131z arkeologlar taraf\u0131ndan 1933 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren antik Mari \u015fehrinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan 25.000 tabletten anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Palmira’n\u0131n tarihi M\u00d6 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la<\/a> kadar gerilere gitmektedir. Yunan ve Roma kaynaklar\u0131nda ise 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan<\/a> itibaren kay\u0131tlara rastlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antik kent, Suriye \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a> tahrip edildi. Yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in 3D modelleri haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve baz\u0131 eserleri restore edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Antik \u00e7a\u011f d\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira, 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n<\/a> ortalar\u0131nda kervanlar\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f g\u00fczerg\u00e2h\u0131 \u00fczerinde, Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a> ve Akdeniz<\/a> k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Romal\u0131lar\u0131n<\/a> ve Fenikelilerin<\/a> limanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a> kontrol\u00fcnde bir \u015fehir konumunda bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u015eehrin co\u011frafi konumu ticari ve dini merkez haline gelmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aramilerin<\/a> b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015fmesiyle Palmiral\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Yunan-Roma ve \u0130ran (Partlar<\/a>) izlerini birlikte bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn izleri; tap\u0131naklarda her iki k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn de mimari stilinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ve insan b\u00fcstlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen, her iki k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait giyim tarz\u0131n\u0131n benimsenmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tadmur<\/strong>, \u0130branice<\/a> yaz\u0131lan Yahudilerin kutsal kitab\u0131 Tanah<\/a>‘da Davud<\/a>‘un o\u011flu S\u00fcleyman<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kurulan bir \u00e7\u00f6l \u015fehri olarak ge\u00e7mektedir. (Tadmur; <\/em><\/strong>S\u00fcryanice<\/em><\/strong><\/a>–<\/em><\/strong>Aramice<\/em><\/strong><\/a> \u201cMucize\u201d <\/em><\/strong>anlam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir.)<\/em> Tanah’\u0131n “Krallar\u0131n \u0130lk Kitab\u0131” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ise yine S\u00fcleyman<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Tamor veya Tamar <\/strong>\u015fehri \u015feklinde rastlan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00f6lge k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde kimi zaman “t”<\/em> ve “d”<\/em> telaffuzunun yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi veya ‘4’“t”<\/em> ve “d”<\/em> kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zamanla d\u00fc\u015fmesine rastlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Tanah’ta da bu durumun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 muhtemel g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. Palmira’da bulunan tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n ise Romal\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye gelmesinden 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Bu tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n geni\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fctunlarla \u00e7evrilmesi, yap\u0131m\u0131ndaki ustal\u0131k ve ihti\u015fam\u0131 hayret vericidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Roma vatanda\u015f\u0131 ve Yahudi tarih\u00e7iFlavius Josephus<\/strong><\/a> ise Antiquities of the Jews<\/em> adl\u0131 eserinde Tadmor’un S\u00fcleyman taraf\u0131ndan kuruldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015f ve \u015fehrin Yunan ismi Palmira’y\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tadmor veya Tedm\u00fcr \u015fehrin \u0130branice<\/a> ismi oldu\u011fu ve mucize anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi bilinirken, Palmira isminin nereden geldi\u011fi ve anlam\u0131 bilinmemektedir. Baz\u0131 akademisyenlerce b\u00f6lgede s\u0131kl\u0131kla g\u00f6r\u00fclen palmiye<\/a> a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan geldi\u011fi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131na g\u00f6re ise Tadmor kelimesinin hatal\u0131 terc\u00fcmesinden geldi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunanlar, Romal\u0131lar, Sasaniler ve Bizansl\u0131lar d\u00f6nemleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunan k\u00f6kenli <\/strong>Selevkos \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/a> M\u00d6 323 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm Suriye<\/a> topraklar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na ald\u0131 ancak Palmira kentini ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve \u015fehir ticari \u00f6nemini korumaya devam etti. M\u00d6 41 y\u0131l\u0131nda Marcus Antonius<\/a> y\u00f6netimindeki Romal\u0131 ordusu \u015fehri almaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ysa da \u00e7ok istekli olmamalar\u0131 sonucu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldular ve Palmiral\u0131lar F\u0131rat<\/a>‘\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr yakas\u0131na ka\u00e7abildiler. Bu olay Palmira’ya Roma tehdidinin ilk g\u00f6stergesiydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Jones ve Erieira,<\/strong> Palmiral\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar\u0131n ticaret gemileriyle \u0130talyan sular\u0131nda bile Hint ipe\u011fi ticaretinin kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ellerinde tuttuklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Romal\u0131 olmadan Romal\u0131lar i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan tek halk ve en zengin \u015fehir olduklar\u0131n\u0131, kolayca Romal\u0131 rol\u00fc oynad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 not ederek, durumu ele\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun \u00e7evresindeki ticaret yollar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen kontrol alt\u0131na almak istemesi Palmira’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikeydi. Palmira, <\/strong>Tiberius<\/strong><\/a> (<\/strong>M\u00d6 14<\/strong><\/a>\u2013<\/strong>M\u00d6 37<\/strong><\/a>taraf\u0131ndan Roma’n\u0131n Suriye eyaletinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirildi. Romal\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fgali sonras\u0131nda da \u015fehir \u0130ran, \u00c7in, Hindistan ve Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu aras\u0131nda ticari \u00f6nemini korudu. M.S 129 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hadrianus<\/a> Palmira’ya geldi. Palmira’y\u0131 serbest \u015fehir ilan ederek ad\u0131n\u0131 Palmira Hadriana<\/em><\/strong> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 212 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda Palmira’n\u0131n ticari hayat\u0131, F\u0131rat<\/a> ve Dicle<\/a> b\u00f6lgelerinde kurulan Sasani \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan tehdit edilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130mparator Carcalla Palmira<\/strong>‘ya bir Roma garnizonu konu\u015fland\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Roma \u0130mparatoru Valerianus<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan, Palmira prensi Septimius Odaenathus, Suriye eyaleti valisi olarak atand\u0131. Daha sonra Valerianus<\/a> Sasaniler taraf\u0131ndan esir al\u0131n\u0131p, Bi\u015fapur<\/a> kentinde 260 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcnce Odaenathus intikam amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rl\u0131klara ba\u015flad\u0131. Tizpon<\/a> kentine iki kez sald\u0131rd\u0131. Odaenathus, ye\u011feni Maconius taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcnce, y\u00f6netim kar\u0131s\u0131 Zenobia<\/strong><\/a> (Zennube, Zabuniye, Zeynubiye ve Zeynep<\/em><\/strong> vs. Zeyno S\u00fcryanice silah anlam\u0131na da gelmektedir.)<\/em> ve o\u011flu Vabalathus’<\/strong> ge\u00e7ti. Zenobia Roma y\u00f6netiminden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z hareket etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve Palmira’n\u0131n etki alan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcney Suriye’de bulunan Busra <\/strong>kentine ve M\u0131s\u0131r<\/a>‘\u0131n bat\u0131 kesimlerine kadar ta\u015f\u0131yarak, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrenPalmira \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong><\/a>‘nu kurdu. Daha sonra kuzeyde Antakya<\/a>‘y\u0131 ald\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Anadolu’nun g\u00fcneyi ve do\u011fusunu, F\u0131rat ve Dicle havzas\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, Suriye, Filistin, Sina yar\u0131madas\u0131 ve M\u0131s\u0131r’\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na alan imparatorlu\u011fun, Roma y\u00f6netiminin dikkatini \u00e7ekmesi uzun s\u00fcrmedi. 272 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130mparator Aurelian<\/a> kaybedilen topraklar\u0131 almak \u00fczere, Palmira \u00fczerine sefere \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Do\u011fuda kapsaml\u0131 bir harekata giri\u015fen imparator, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Antakya ve Humus \u015fehirlerini zaptedip, Palmira’ya ula\u015ft\u0131 ve Sasanilere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak \u00fczere olan Krali\u00e7e Zenobia<\/a> ve o\u011flunu sa\u011f olarak ele ge\u00e7irdi ve esir alarak \u0130talya’ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu s\u0131rada y\u0131k\u0131ma u\u011framayan \u015fehirde, 273 y\u0131l\u0131nda ayaklanmalar ba\u015flay\u0131nca \u0130mparator Aurelian<\/a> tekrar Palmira’ya geldi ancak bu kez askerlerin \u015fehri ya\u011fmalamalar\u0131na izin verdi. Bu y\u0131k\u0131m Palmira \u015fehrinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yol a\u00e7t\u0131, \u015fehir bundan sonra eski g\u00fcnlerine geri d\u00f6nemedi. \u015eehir imparatorluk taraf\u0131ndan Romal\u0131 asker lejyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kalaca\u011f\u0131 askeri bir \u00fcsse \u00e7evrildi. \u0130mparator Diocletianus<\/a> ise Sasanilerden<\/a> korunmak amac\u0131yla lejyon say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rarak Palmira’n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir askeri \u00fcs olma konumunu peki\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra do\u011fudaki topraklar Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>‘nun eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f ancak \u015fehre Bizansl\u0131larca da ilgi g\u00f6sterilmeyerek, askeri \u00fcs konumu korunmu\u015f ve sadece birka\u00e7 kilise in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Palmira’da eski d\u00f6nemden kalan tap\u0131naklar Bizans d\u00f6neminde kiliseye \u00e7evrilmi\u015f ve S\u00fcryani toplumunun bir merkezi haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130slamiyetin ilk d\u00f6nemleri, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Fransa ve Suriye d\u00f6nemi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n “Palmira \u015eeyhi”<\/strong> (1875) 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00f6lgeye gelen Bat\u0131l\u0131 turistler i\u00e7in Palmira \u015eeyhi ilgi \u00e7ekici bir obje idi. Oysa bu tarihlerde \u015fehrin turistik \u00f6nemi Osmanl\u0131 Devleti<\/a>‘nce bilinmemesine ra\u011fmen, Avrupa \u00fclkelerince Ortado\u011fu’da arkeolojik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve b\u00f6lgeye olan ilgi artmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baal Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131’nda Frans\u0131zlarca yap\u0131lan tahribat ve tarih kaz\u0131malar\u0131. Frans\u0131zlar 1930’lu y\u0131llar boyunca tap\u0131nakta bulunan kur\u015fun \u00e7ivileri, mermi yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullanmak \u00fczere s\u00f6km\u00fc\u015flerdi. Resimde tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst kiri\u015flerine kaz\u0131nan “1938” ibaresi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Halife Ebu Bekir<\/a> d\u00f6neminde, Palmira’ya ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman gruplar 634 y\u0131l\u0131nda ula\u015ft\u0131. Halid bin Velid<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 y\u0131l fethedildi. \u015eehrin askeri \u00f6nemi muhafaza edildi. 800 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u015fehri terk etmeye ba\u015flayan insanlar, 1089 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck depremden sonra \u015fehri tamamen bo\u015faltt\u0131. Yavuz Sultan Selim<\/a>‘in 1516 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fuya y\u00f6nelmesiyle Suriye, Filistin ve M\u0131s\u0131r k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>‘nun birer eyaleti oldu. Osmanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6zerklik tan\u0131nan L\u00fcbnan Prensi II. Fahreddin (1522-1635), Palmira kentine hakim tepeye Fahrettin al Maani<\/em> kalesini yapt\u0131rd\u0131. Daha sonra Fahreddin’in isyan etmesi nedeniyle \u00fczerine sefer d\u00fczenlendi ve yakalanarak idam edildi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira kenti I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a>‘na kadar Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin elinde kald\u0131. 1920 y\u0131l\u0131ndan 1946 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Frans\u0131zlar\u0131n y\u00f6netimindeki Suriye’de ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Palmira’da, bir\u00e7ok di\u011fer antik kent gibi arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suriye’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanmas\u0131<\/strong>yla Frans\u0131z etkisi ge\u00e7memi\u015f, 1980’li y\u0131llara kadar kentin arkeolojik de\u011feri Suriye devleti taraf\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra Suriye H\u00fck\u00fbmeti taraf\u0131ndan bir m\u00fcze kurulmu\u015ftur. Suriye \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7iren I\u015e\u0130D \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan, 27 May\u0131s 2015 tarihinde Palmira Antik \u015eehirdeki Roma Antik Tiyatrosu sahnesinde, 20 esir idam edilip g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong> Daha sonra \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fcn, Palmira antik kentinde bulunan 2 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k aslan heykelini par\u00e7alad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edildi. <\/strong>\u00d6te yandan I\u015e\u0130D<\/a>, Palmira\u2019daki heykellerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131ran bir ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 Halep\u2019te yakalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcp, ka\u00e7ak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n elindeki 8 b\u00fcst\u00fc halk\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde balyozlarla par\u00e7alad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir foto\u011fraf payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong> Palmira Antik Kenti 1 y\u0131l boyunca ter\u00f6r \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc I\u015e\u0130D<\/a>‘in himaye etti\u011fi yerler aras\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Palmira’da bulunan bir\u00e7ok tarihi eser ciddi derecede zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Suriye Ordusu, Rusya<\/a>‘n\u0131n deste\u011fi ile Palmira’y\u0131 Mart 2016’da tekrar kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Antik kentte yap\u0131lan incelemeler sonucunda I\u015e\u0130D taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f 40 ki\u015finin toplu mezar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.I\u015e\u0130D, Palmira’da g\u00f6revli <\/strong>Halid Esad<\/strong><\/a> adl\u0131 arkeolo\u011fu da Palmira hazinelerinin yerini s\u00f6ylemedi\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/strong>. 26 Aral\u0131k 2016 ile 10 Ocak 2017 tarihleri aras\u0131nda Palmira antik kentin en \u00fcnl\u00fc yap\u0131lar\u0131ndan D\u00f6rt Kap\u0131 (Tetrapylon) <\/strong>yap\u0131s\u0131 da Irak ve \u015eam \u0130slam Devleti<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yok edildi\u011fi iddia ediliyor\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira’da k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira’n\u0131n M\u00d6 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanan tarihi ile sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 veriler elde edilememis, bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 \u00fclkeden arkeoloji gruplar\u0131 Palmira’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kent, \u00fclkenin en \u00f6nemli turistik merkezlerinden birisi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Palmira’da mezar s\u00fcslemeleri ve mezar mimarisi geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Mezarlarda bulunan insan b\u00fcstleri Palmiral\u0131lar\u0131n sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir. Palmiral\u0131lar; Romal\u0131lar ve Persler (Sasaniler-Partlar) aras\u0131nda kalan bir toplum olarak her iki k\u00fclt\u00fcrden de etkilenmi\u015f, giyim tarz\u0131ndan sosyal aktivitelere kadar Helen ve Pers izleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baal Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na Palmira’n\u0131n bir simgesi olmu\u015ftur. \u015eehrin ticari ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sonucu olarak mabetler, binalar ve surlar d\u00f6nemin en kaliteli yap\u0131lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Lat tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131 yak\u0131n\u0131nda bulunan par\u00e7alardan onar\u0131larak Palmira M\u00fczesi \u00f6n\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan ve ceylan\u0131 koruyan bir aslan\u0131 betimleyen El Lat Aslan\u0131<\/em>, \u015fehrin simgesi olan heykeldir. Helen tanr\u0131lar\u0131na da \u00f6nem verilmesinin bir i\u015fareti olarak Polonyal\u0131 bir arkeoloji grubunca 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda bulunan Nike<\/a> heykeli \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tadmur-Fakhr-al-Din al-Ma’ani Kalesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tadmur Kalesi olarak da bilinen Palmyra Kalesi, Suriye’nin Humus ilinde Palmyra’ya bakan bir kaledir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kalenin 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Meml\u00fckler taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edildi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. Palmyra’n\u0131n tarihi b\u00f6lgesine bakan y\u00fcksek bir tepede ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda D\u00fcrzi alanlar\u0131n\u0131 Palmyra b\u00f6lgesine geni\u015fleten D\u00fcrzi emiri Fakhr-al-Din II’<\/strong>nin ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1980 y\u0131l\u0131nda kalenin ve Palmyra’n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yer, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli antik k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezlerinden biri olarak, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u015fehrin an\u0131tsal kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve tan\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in; UNESCO D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131 Alan\u0131 <\/strong>haline geldi. B\u00f6lge Suriye’de ulusal an\u0131t olarak belirlenmi\u015f ve 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda, koruma alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde tampon b\u00f6lge kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f ana kaya \u00fczerinde yer alan bu kale, kal\u0131n ve y\u00fcksek duvarlara sahip bir tahkimat-g\u00f6zlem i\u00e7in iyi korunan bir konumdu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bir asma k\u00f6pr\u00fcden eri\u015filebilen tek bir eri\u015fimi olan bir hendekle \u00e7evrilidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tarihi sit alan\u0131, s\u00fcrmekte olan Suriye i\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131 <\/strong>nedeniyle 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tehlikede Olan D\u00fcnya Miras\u0131<\/strong> listesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kale, May\u0131s 2015’teki Palmyra sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Irak \u0130slam Devleti ve Levant taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildi. Mart 2016’da ba\u015fka bir sald\u0131r\u0131da, Suriye h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00fc\u00e7leri taraf\u0131ndan geri al\u0131nd\u0131. Geri \u00e7ekilen I\u015e\u0130D sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131,<\/strong> kalenin giri\u015fine giden merdiven de dahil olmak \u00fczere, kalenin baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 havaya u\u00e7urdu ve b\u00fcy\u00fck hasara neden oldu. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, MS: 1. yy\u2019da Do\u011fu Roma d\u00f6neminde yap\u0131lan Palmira Antik Kenti\u2019<\/strong>ni de ya\u011fmalayan ve tahrip eden \u0130\u015e\u0130D militanlar\u0131, bir d\u00fcnya miras\u0131 olan bu k\u0131ymetli tarihi yap\u0131lar\u0131 y\u0131kt\u0131lar ve zarar verdiler. Temel yap\u0131 hala sa\u011flam ve Suriye Eski Eserler M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Maamoun Abdelkarim,<\/strong> hasar\u0131n onar\u0131labilece\u011fini ve kalenin restore edilece\u011fini belirtti. Kale, Aral\u0131k 2016’da bir kez daha ISID taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildi. Ancak Suriye Ordusu, 1 Mart 2017’deki sald\u0131r\u0131dan sonra tekrar ele ge\u00e7irdi ve Kaleyi korumaya ald\u0131\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu tarihi zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferler; yaln\u0131zca Suriye\u2019nin de\u011fil, t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak miras\u0131 olarak korunmal\u0131 ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 Bu nedenle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sava\u015f, ter\u00f6r, t\u00f6re, g\u00f6\u00e7, ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131k, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilik, talan, gerici ve \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lanmalara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmak, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortak g\u00f6revi olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu ba\u011flamda, Suriye\u2019de s\u00fcrmekte olan sava\u015f ve emperyalist oyunlar sona erdirilmelidir\u2026 Bir zamanlar, Suriye\u2019nin turizm ve ticari yol olarak; Avrupa\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131s\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye; bu kom\u015fu ve karde\u015f \u00fclke ile ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczeltir ve yeniden iyi kom\u015fuluk ve dostluk ba\u011flar\u0131 kurulur. Sava\u015f ve ter\u00f6rden ka\u00e7\u0131p, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kalan 5 milyonu a\u015fk\u0131n Suriyeli kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde evlerine d\u00f6nmeleri sa\u011flanmal\u0131 ve bu sava\u015fta y\u0131k\u0131lan evler i\u015f yerleri ve tarihi-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lar onar\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ben de daha \u00f6nce bir ka\u00e7 kez gitti\u011fim ve tan\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131m Suriye co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 ve turistik yerleri yeniden g\u00f6rmek istiyorum ve \u015eam, Halep, Laskiye ve Palmira<\/strong> ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi, bu tarihi ve turistik yerlerin ak\u0131betini fazlas\u0131yla merak ediyorum. Yeniden gezip, kom\u015fu ve karde\u015f \u00fclke Suriye\u2019yi tan\u0131tmay\u0131 heyecanla arzu ediyorum\u2026 Yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Emperyalizme kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 zaferle ta\u015fland\u0131ran, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurucu lideri ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 veren mazlum halklar\u0131n esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olan