Ba\u015fkent Tahran<\/strong>(Fars\u00e7a<\/a>: \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646), \u0130ran<\/a>‘\u0131n ba\u015fkenti, Tahran Eyaleti<\/a>‘nin merkezi ve 18 milyonu a\u015fan metropol n\u00fcfusuyla \u0130ran’\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kentidir. Hazar Denizine<\/a> yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 km uzakl\u0131kta, Elburz Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> g\u00fcney yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Eskiden ba\u015fkent Rey<\/a>‘in yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u00f6yd\u00fc. Rey’in \u0130S 1220’de Mo\u011follar<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra kent halk\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tahran’a yerle\u015fti ve Tahran bir kent olarak geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131; Rey’in kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Tahran’\u0131n g\u00fcneyindedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ka\u00e7ar Hanedan\u0131<\/a>‘n\u0131 (1779-1925) kuran A\u011fa Muhammed Han<\/a>, 1785’te ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi Tahran’\u0131 1788’de ba\u015fkent ilan etti. Bu tarihten sonra h\u0131zla geli\u015fen kent g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin \u0130ran’\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olarak kald\u0131. Ka\u00e7ar Hanedan\u0131’n\u0131n 1925’te devrilmesinden sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan \u015eah R\u0131za Pehlevi<\/a>‘nin (h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1924-41) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fledi. II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a> s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kentte Tahran Konferans\u0131<\/a> olarak bilinen bir toplant\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi (1943). Muhammed R\u0131za Pehlevi’nin h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda (1941-79), petrol sanayisindeki geli\u015fmenin de etkisiyle kent h\u0131zla modernle\u015fti. 1979’da \u015eah’\u0131n devrilerek \u0130ran \u0130slam Cumhuriyeti<\/a>‘nin kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra, ekonomik ve siyasal sorunlar nedeniyle kent bir duraklama d\u00f6nemine girdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tahran, \u0130ran\u2019n\u0131n en modern \u015fehri. Bu modern yap\u0131y\u0131, her ne kadar eski semtlerinin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla kazanm\u0131\u015f olsa da durum b\u00f6yle. Bir\u00e7ok modern \/ geleneksel kafe ve restoran bu \u015fehirde toplanm\u0131\u015f. \u015eehrin en pop\u00fcler yeme\u011fi, safranl\u0131 basmati pirin\u00e7 pilav\u0131 yan\u0131na kebap birlikteli\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Chelo Kebap \u00e7ok leziz\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran\u2019da toplam 12 tane kayak merkezi varm\u0131\u015f ve bunlardan en \u00fcnl\u00fcleri de Tahran\u2019a 1-3 saatlik mesafedeki Tochal, Dizin ve Shemshak kayak merkezleri, alternatif k\u0131\u015f turiminin aranan yerlerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir. \u00d6zellikle, 21 Mart Nevruz Bayram\u0131 <\/strong>Tahran \u015fenliklerini ka\u00e7\u0131rmay\u0131n\u0131z\u2026 Farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin karde\u015f\u00e7e ve sorunsuz bir arada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ender yerlerden biridir ba\u015fkent Tahran\u2026 Tahran\u2019da Azeriler, K\u00fcrtler, Ermeniler, Lurlar ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok az\u0131nl\u0131k olsa da n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130ranl\u0131. Az\u0131nl\u0131klar, hem kendi dillerini, hem de Fars\u00e7a konu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tahran\u2019da gezilecek yerler:<\/strong> G\u00fclistan Saray\u0131: G\u00f6zlerimiz g\u00fczelli\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda eridi, kalmad\u0131. M\u00fcthi\u015f g\u00f6z kama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir yer. G\u00fclistan Saray\u0131 (Golestan Palace) UNESCO D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 Listesi\u2019nde ve Ka\u00e7ar Hanedanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Tahran\u2019a kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 en g\u00fczel miras. Mimarl\u0131k ve el sanatlar\u0131 alanlar\u0131ndaki k\u00f6kl\u00fc Pers k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Bat\u0131 tekni\u011fi ve mimarisi ile birle\u015fti\u011fi bir ba\u015fyap\u0131t. Havuzlarla dolu bah\u00e7esi, i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f cephesindeki zengin 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l el i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi ve ihti\u015fam\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc galerileriyle buras\u0131 Do\u011fu\u2019nun Versay Saray\u0131. Ulusal M\u00fccevher M\u00fczesi, Niavaran Saray\u0131, Tahran \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 (Tehran Bazaar) \u2013 Tecri\u015f \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131 (Tajrish Bazaar), \u0130ran Ulusal M\u00fczesi, Sadabad M\u00fcze Kompleksi, Azadi Kulesi (\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Kulesi),1971\u2019de Fars \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 2500. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 kutlamak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan Shah-En-Shah kulesi, bug\u00fcn Azadi Kulesi, yani \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Kulesi olarak biliniyor. Bat\u0131 Kap\u0131s\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bir an\u0131t yap\u0131 Tahran\u2019\u0131n en \u00f6nemli sembollerinden. Tahran \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Sanat M\u00fczesi, \u0130ran Hal\u0131 M\u00fczesi, Darakeh ve Darband (Derbent) Mesire Alan\u0131 Vadisi: Buras\u0131 Tahranl\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u015fehirden ka\u00e7\u0131p biraz oksijen soluma noktas\u0131. G\u00fcne\u015fli g\u00fczel bir g\u00fcn\u00fc Elbruz Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eteklerindeki koruluk alanda \u015felalelerin aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f yaparak de\u011ferlendirebiliyorlar. \u0130ran\u2019\u0131n hafta sonu olan Per\u015fembe ak\u015fam \u00fczeri ve Cuma g\u00fcnleri buras\u0131n\u0131n en kalabal\u0131k zamanlar\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara do\u011fru bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ay bah\u00e7esi tad\u0131nda mekan var. Tahran gezinizde, sevdiklerinizle tatl\u0131 sohbet ve ka\u00e7amak yapmak i\u00e7in: \u00c7ay, kahve, tatl\u0131, g\u00f6zleme ve do\u011fal-organik kahvalt\u0131 keyfi yapmak i\u00e7in, Derbent Vadisini se\u00e7in\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan<\/strong> (Fars\u00e7a<\/a>: \u0130sfahan, \u0130ran’\u0131n kav\u015fak noktalar\u0131ndan biridir ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinden biriydi. \u015eehir, 1050 ile 1722 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle de Safeviler<\/a> alt\u0131nda 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda<\/a> Pers \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>‘nun tarihte ikinci kez ba\u015fkenti oldu\u011fu zaman \u00e7ok geli\u015fti. Bug\u00fcn bile, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki o ihti\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. \u015eehir, bir\u00e7ok g\u00fczel bulvar\u0131yla, k\u00f6pr\u00fcleriyle, saraylar\u0131yla, camileriyle ve minareleriyle \u0130slami mimariyi<\/a> yans\u0131tmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan<\/strong>, <\/strong>Yontma Ta\u015f Devri<\/a>‘ne kadar dayan\u0131r. \u0130ranl\u0131 Medler<\/a> buraya yerle\u015fince, Aspandana<\/em> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Medler’in en \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur. M.S. 642’de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar<\/a>‘\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. Sel\u00e7uklu<\/a> hanedan\u0131n\u0131n kurucusu Tu\u011frul Bey<\/a> de 11. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda \u0130sfahan’\u0131 ba\u015fkent yapt\u0131. Onun torunu Melik\u015fah<\/a> y\u00f6netiminde kent b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcp zenginle\u015fti. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130sfahan Mescid-i Cuma<\/a>‘s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131na bu d\u00f6nemde ba\u015fland\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklu hanedan\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra \u0130sfahan gerilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda kent, \u00f6nce Mo\u011follar<\/a>, ard\u0131ndan da 1387 y\u0131l\u0131nda Timur<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan ya\u011fmaland\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok insan katledildi. Co\u011frafi konumunun sonucu olarak, \u0130sfahan \u015fehri \u00f6zellikle Safeviler<\/a> alt\u0131nda tekrar geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u015eah I. Abbas<\/a> \u0130sfahan’\u0131 ba\u015fkent yapt\u0131 ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en g\u00fczel kentlerinden biri olarak yeniden in\u015fa etti (1598). O d\u00f6nemde bir\u00e7ok park, k\u00fct\u00fcphane ve cami in\u015fa edildi. 1722’de G\u0131lzailer<\/a> (Pe\u015ftunlar<\/a>) uzun bir ku\u015fatman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u015fehri ele ge\u00e7irdi. Uzun y\u0131llar bir harabe g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcnde kalan \u0130sfahan’\u0131n n\u00fcfusu da iyice azald\u0131. R\u0131za \u015eah Pehlevi<\/a> d\u00f6neminde (1925-1941) yeniden imar\u0131na ba\u015flanan kentte bir sanayi b\u00f6lgesi olu\u015fturuldu ve tarihsel yap\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011fu onar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pers ve Sel\u00e7uklu Medeniyeti \u015eehri: \u0130SFAHAN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan \u0130ran\u2019n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong> kenti. Fakat zaman\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerinden biriymi\u015f. Safavi<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde (1051 ile 1736 ) \u00f6zellikle mimari ve kentle\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok geli\u015fen ve ba\u015fkent olan \u015fehirde o d\u00f6nemden kalma \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli, geleneksel \u0130ran mimarisini yans\u0131tan tarihi yap\u0131lar var. \u00d6zellikle 17. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarihli ve UNESCO D\u00fcnya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 Listesi\u2019<\/strong>nde yer alan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck meydanlar\u0131ndan biri olan Nak\u015f-\u0131 Cihan Meydan\u0131<\/strong> burada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan\u2019da metro<\/strong> hizmeti hen\u00fcz \u00e7ok yeni. \u015eehrin ilk metro hatt\u0131 15 Ekim 2015\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Demiryolu uzundur var. \u0130sfahan, Tahran, \u015eiraz ve Yazd \u015fehirlerine demiryolu a\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan hal\u0131lar\u0131 ve dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ile \u00fcnl\u00fc. Me\u015fhur \u0130ran hal\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130sfahan\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kma. \u0130sfahan\u2019da dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu kadar geli\u015fmesi, Safevi d\u00f6nemine dayan\u0131yormu\u015f. Afganlar \u0130ran\u2019\u0131 fethettikten ve Safevi H\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n devrilmesinden sonra bu zanaat durgunluk d\u00f6nemine girdiyse de \u015fimdi dolu dizgin devam ediyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Buras\u0131 Bir Ayr\u0131l\u0131k<\/em> (\u015fiddetle tavsiye ederiz) ve Elly Hakk\u0131nda<\/em> filmleriyle d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc Oscar\u2019l\u0131 y\u00f6netmen ve senarist Asghar Farhadi<\/strong>\u2018nin de \u015fehri. \u0130sfahan do\u011fumlu Farhadi, Time Dergisi<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en etkili 100 ki\u015fisinden <\/strong>biri se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan\u2019da gezilecek yerler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tipik bir \u015eark \u015fehri olan \u0130sfahan, sahip oldu\u011fu tarihi miras ile bir a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi gibi. Hi\u00e7 \u00e7ekinmeden gidip g\u00f6rmeniz gereken bir \u015fehir. En az 2 tam g\u00fcn ay\u0131rmak gerekiyor. \u0130sfahan\u2019da \u00e7o\u011fu yeri y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek gezmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130sfahan\u2019da mutlaka g\u00f6rmeniz gereken yerler: \u0130mam Meydan\u0131 (Nak\u015f-\u0131 Cihan), \u0130mam Camii, \u015eeyh L\u00fctfullah Camii, Ali Gapu Saray\u0131 (Devlet Kap\u0131s\u0131), Bazar-e Bozurg (\u0130sfahan B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131), Mescid-i Cuma, \u00c7ehar Ba\u011f Medresesi, Zayende Nehri ve Siosepol K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, Tarihi \u00c7ehar Ba\u011f Mesire Alan\u0131, \u00c7ehel S\u00fct\u00fcn Saray\u0131, Dekoratif Sanatlar M\u00fczesi, \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Sanat M\u00fczesi, He\u015ft Behe\u015ft Saray\u0131, Hacu K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc, Sel\u00e7uklu \u00c7ehel Dohter Minaresi, \u00c7ehel Dohter Minaresi, Manar Jonban (Sallanan Minareler), Ate\u015fkadeh ve do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yezd<\/strong> (<\/em>Fars\u00e7a<\/em><\/a>:<\/em>\u064a\u0632\u062f<\/strong>,Yazd)<\/em> , \u0130ran<\/a>‘\u0131n orta k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Yezd Eyaleti<\/a>‘nin y\u00f6netim merkezi olan \u015fehir. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft<\/a> dininin merkezidir. 2006 sonucuna g\u00f6re 505.037 ki\u015filik n\u00fcfusa sahiptir. \u015eehir e\u015fsiz mimari yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve ipekli el dokumalar\u0131 (Fars\u00e7a termeh), \u0130ran el sanatlar\u0131, ipek dokuma, \u0130ran pamuk \u015feker<\/a>‘i olan “Pashmak<\/a>” (pi\u015fmaniye<\/a>‘ye benzer) ile me\u015fhurdur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eehrin 3000 y\u0131ll\u0131k ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r. \u015eehrin ilk kurucular\u0131n\u0131n Med<\/a>‘ler oldu\u011fu ve \u015fehrin o d\u00f6nemdeki ad\u0131n\u0131n Ysatis<\/a> oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Daha sonraki Sasani<\/a> hakimiyeti s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015fehrin ad\u0131, o zamanki h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Yazdegerd<\/a>‘e ithafen Yezd olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Ve \u015fehir bir Zerd\u00fc\u015ft merkezi haline geldi. Daha sonra \u0130slam<\/a> ordular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nan \u015fehre M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar<\/a> hakim oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eehir, \u0131ss\u0131z ve yol g\u00fczergahlar\u0131ndan uzak bir konumda olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, fazla bir tahribata u\u011framam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Mo\u011fol \u0130stilas\u0131<\/a> zaman\u0131nda \u0130ran<\/a>‘\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinden ka\u00e7an halk buraya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1272’de \u015fehri ziyaret eden Marco Polo<\/a>, \u015fehrin ipekli dokumalar\u0131ndan<\/a> ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ticaret merkezi oldu\u011fundan bahseder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Yezd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ge\u00e7mi\u015f zamanlardan beri kaliteli hal\u0131<\/a> ve kilimleri<\/a> ile tan\u0131nan Yezd, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u0130ran’\u0131n tekstil<\/a> merkezidir. \u015eehirdeki di\u011fer \u00f6nemli sanayi kollar\u0131; in\u015faat malzemeleri ve seramik<\/a> \u00fcretimi, \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda me\u015fhur \u015fekerlemeleri<\/a>,kablo ve teknoloji sanayinde kullan\u0131lan yan \u00fcr\u00fcnler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Turizm ise olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015ftir. Eski bir \u015fehir ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn merkezi olmas\u0131 Yezd’in turizmde \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u015fsiz mimari eserlerin yan\u0131nda, Ate\u015f Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131<\/a> ve burada s\u00fcrekli yanan ate\u015f ilgi \u00e7ekici turistik yerlerindendir. Muhammed Hatemi<\/a> ve Mo\u015fe Katsav<\/a> burada do\u011fmu\u015f \u00fcnl\u00fclerdendir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7\u00f6le can veren Qanat Su Medeniyeti ve Zerd\u00fc\u015ft \u015eehri: YEZD<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n UNESCO-IHP \u0130ran Merkezi\u2019nin d\u00fczenledi\u011fi, D\u00fcnya Su Forumu Yezd Toplant\u0131s\u0131\u2019na T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi temsilen kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Yezd Su Medeniyeti-Kehrizleri ve kenti g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcm 2014\u2019de\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zerd\u00fc\u015ft Ate\u015fgahlar\u0131, UNESCO Korumas\u0131ndaki Qanat-Kehriz Yeralt\u0131 Su Kanallar\u0131 Sistemi, R\u00fczgar Kuleleri, \u00d6l\u00fcler \u015eehri, Labirent Mimarisi Ezleri ve tatl\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Yezd \u015fehri, Yezd Eyaleti\u2019nin ba\u015fkenti. Klasik turizm rotas\u0131nda \u015eiraz ile \u0130sfahan aras\u0131nda u\u011franan yer. Ya da \u015eiraz\u2019dan ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in tam tersi. Hem mesafelerin uzakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle, hem de ger\u00e7ekten g\u00f6rmeye de\u011fer bir yer oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in genelde bir gece burada konaklayacak \u015fekilde planlar yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Med \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>\u2018na kadar giden, 5 bin y\u0131ll\u0131k<\/strong> bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi var. \u0130lk zamanlar\u0131nda ad\u0131 Ysatis\u2019mi\u015f. Daha sonra Sasani \u0130mparatoru I. Yezdigirt <\/strong>sebebiyle Yezd olmu\u015f. Sasani zamanlar\u0131nda Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerdenmi\u015f. Bu nedenle, m\u00fcsl\u00fcman Araplar\u0131n istilas\u0131 sonras\u0131, \u00e7evredeki bir\u00e7ok \u015fehirden Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin buraya yo\u011fun g\u00f6\u00e7 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Do\u011fal olarak; Aruz vezniyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fiir kitab\u0131 olan Kutsal Avesta <\/strong>kitab\u0131na inanan Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlerin kalesi haline gelen Yezd\u2019de, \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 pek de kolay olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n 13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Marco Polo<\/strong> buradan ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, seyahatnamesine \u201c\u00e7ok ho\u015f, g\u00f6rkemli bir \u015fehir ve ticaret merkezi\u201d diye not d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. \u0130ki \u00e7\u00f6l aras\u0131 zor ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r konumu sayesinde Cengiz Han ve Timur<\/strong>\u2018un gazab\u0131ndan kurtulmay\u0131 ba\u015faran \u015fehir, 14. ve 15. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ipek, tekstil ve hal\u0131 dokumac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile geli\u015fmi\u015f. Muzafferiler<\/strong> d\u00f6neminde ba\u015fkent olmu\u015f. \u0130ran\u2019n\u0131n genelinde oldu\u011fu gibi Safevi d\u00f6nemi sonras\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve merkeze uzak kalm\u0131\u015f olsa da son \u015eah\u2019\u0131n demiryolu a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Tahran\u2019dan Yezd\u2019e kadar uzatmas\u0131yla tekrar eski g\u00fcnlerine d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Yezd \u015fehrinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi gereken yerler:<\/strong> Mescid-i Cuma, Amir Chakhmaq Cami Kompleksi, Yezd Tarihi \u015eehir Merkezi, Zerd\u00fc\u015ft Ate\u015fkedah\u0131, Yezd Sessizlik Kuleleri (Yani Nekropolis = \u00d6l\u00fcler \u015eehri), Su M\u00fczesi ve Qanatlar-Kehrizler ve \u00c7\u00f6lde Yeralt\u0131 su kanallar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz\u2026 Yezd tatl\u0131s\u0131 ve mutfak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile de bilinen kentlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda gelmektedir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eiirin Ba\u015fkenti \u015eiraz<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n En \u00f6nde gelen eserleri aras\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ile birlikte bir\u00e7ok yabanc\u0131 dile de terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015f olan G\u00fclistan ve Bostan<\/em><\/strong> geliyor. \u015eimdi ise biz, \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi ve sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu de\u011ferli \u015fairin t\u00fcrbesi ba\u015f\u0131nday\u0131z. \u015eeyh Sadi-i \u015eirazi<\/em><\/strong>\u2019nin T\u00fcrbesi<\/em> son derece bak\u0131ml\u0131, \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle s\u00fcsl\u00fc ve havuzlu bir bah\u00e7enin i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131yor. Di\u011fer bir ifade ile, eserinin ismi gibi, kabrinin bah\u00e7esi de tam bir G\u00fclistan. \u015eair \u015eirazl\u0131 Sadi-Hafez\u2019in, bir d\u00fcnya cenneti olan t\u00fcrbesini ziyaretim, \u00e7ok anlaml\u0131yd\u0131\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran, tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zenginlikleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n say\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden birisidir. \u0130pek yolunun baharat kokulu kervansaraylar\u0131n\u0131n mazgallar\u0131nda ve sutun ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda uyuyan b\u00fcy\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fiir; dolunaya inat, gece ku\u015flar\u0131 gibi ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131yor. \u015eiir \u00dclkesi\u2019nde ya\u015fam, d\u00fc\u015fmanlar uyurken ba\u015fl\u0131yor. T\u0131pk\u0131, bir \u015fiir kadar sevdi\u011fi \u00fclkesinin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokusunu ve t\u00fcm g\u00fczel insanlar\u0131 seven rehber arkada\u015f\u0131m Ahmet Nejadi ve eski \u0130ran K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Tan\u0131tma Bakan\u0131 Mohammad Moezzodin ile konu\u015fmam\u0131z s\u0131ras\u0131nda, g\u00fcven veren dost ve konuksever tavr\u0131yla, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ve \u00f6teki kom\u015fular\u0131na, bar\u0131\u015f ve karde\u015flik mesajlar\u0131 yolluyordu\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ranl\u0131 \u015fair ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n, \u201cg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bar\u0131\u015f el\u00e7isi\u201d \u00f6zelli\u011fini biliyor; b\u00f6lge ve d\u00fcnya bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in destek istiyordu. Ya\u015fas\u0131n, sanat\u0131n gizli g\u00fcc\u00fc!\u2026 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Hatemi Y\u00f6netimi, halktan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 destekle Suudi yanl\u0131s\u0131 mollalara kar\u015f\u0131, \u0130slam\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f yorumlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen \u0130ranl\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlar ve \u015eairler, gelece\u011fe umutla bak\u0131yor. B\u00f6lgede bar\u0131\u015f ve karde\u015fli\u011fin \u00f6r\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in, kendilerine b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6rev d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inan\u0131yorlar. \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d <\/em>ortak paydas\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiyeli meslekta\u015flar\u0131na (bizlere), \u015fiir-eli uzat\u0131yorlar\u2026 \u201dYar\u0131n ge\u00e7 olabilir, hemen \u015fimdi!\u2026\u201d<\/em> diyorlar. Ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0130ranl\u0131larla T\u00fcrkleri kayna\u015ft\u0131ran pek \u00e7ok \u015fey var. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, \u015fiir gelir. Sel\u00e7uklu ve Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat\u0131n ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bizzat i\u00e7inde olan Fars\u00e7a, bu g\u00fcn bile konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu buluyor. B\u00f6lgedeki tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dokuyu bilmek i\u00e7in, mutlaka Fars\u00e7a kaynaklara ba\u015fvurmak gerekli. Bu ger\u00e7ek \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk edebiyat\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zel olarak da T\u00fcrk \u015eiiri\u2019nin k\u00f6klerini \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsak; mutlaka kap\u0131 kom\u015fumuz \u0130ran\u2019a ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu\u2019nun \u015fiir ba\u015fkenti olan \u015eiraz\u2019a gitmeliyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201c\u0130ster kafir ol, ister M\u00fcsl\u00fcm \/ gel, yine de gel\u201d <\/em>diyen ve insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte, karde\u015f\u00e7e birlikte ya\u015famaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran ve eserlerini Fars\u00e7a yazan Mevlana\u2019y\u0131 ve de a\u015fk\u0131n \u015fairi Hayyam\u2019\u0131; yak\u0131ndan tan\u0131mak i\u00e7in, hemen \u015eiraz\u2019a gidin. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz hafta gitti\u011fim Tahran, \u0130sfahan ve \u015eiraz gezim, pek \u00e7ok \u015fey \u00f6\u011fretti. Bunlar\u0131 siz \u015fiir dostlar\u0131yla payla\u015fmak istedim. Kadim atalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n konaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 etkilendi\u011fimiz bu co\u011frafya, nice uygarl\u0131klara tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmi\u015f. Bunun izlerini g\u00f6rmek olduk\u00e7a heyacan verici\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eiraz yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan, \u201cYurt\u201d<\/em> denen kara k\u0131l \u00e7ad\u0131rlarda yufka a\u00e7\u0131p, yay\u0131k ayran\u0131 ile tereya\u011f yapan, geleneksel giysili Horasanl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7er Ka\u015fkai Y\u00f6r\u00fckleri, \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00e7alg\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde s\u00f6yledi\u011fi Zazaca ve \u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u00e7e t\u00fcrk\u00fcler ve maniler, b\u00f6lgede bir ba\u015fka ya\u015fayan-canl\u0131 kaynakt\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6te yandan Persepolis antik kent kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Sadi \u015eirazi ve Haf\u0131z-i k\u00fclliyesi ile \u015eiraz Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ise, bir ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcrel zenginlik olarak sizi bekliyor. \u015eiraz\u2019da iki ki\u015fiden biri, ya \u015fair ya da \u015fark\u0131c\u0131\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Newyork\u2019ta bulunan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler binas\u0131n\u0131n duvar\u0131nda, d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc \u0130ranl\u0131 \u015fiar Haf\u0131z-\u0131 \u015eirazi\u2019nin \u015fu dizelerini okuyabiliriz: \u201c\u00dczerinde g\u00f6n\u00fcl meyveleri yeti\u015fen dostluk a\u011fac\u0131 dik, Say\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7ileler getiren d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k fidan\u0131n\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden s\u00f6k.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran uzak de\u011fil!\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00fcnya cenneti \u0130stanbul ile Tahran aras\u0131nda bir bu\u00e7uk saatlik zaman fark\u0131 bulunuyor. (IRANAIR) \u0130ran Havayollar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 420 ki\u015filik konforlu ve g\u00fcvenli \u201cairbus\u201d<\/em> u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 ile mavi bulutlar\u0131 kucaklay\u0131p ilerliyoruz. U\u00e7akta, ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00fczel hosteslerin elinden, alkols\u00fcz bira ve \u201czam zam\u201d kolas\u0131 i\u00e7erken; Van G\u00f6l\u00fc \u00fczerinde, 11 bin metre kotunda, \u015fiirle\u015fmek ne g\u00fczeldi\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n Olcayto mimari gizeminin ard\u0131ndan, son Nevruz \u015f\u00f6leninde k\u0131nal\u0131 ellerinde kutsal lotus \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi ile size el sallayan direksiyon ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bir Fars g\u00fczeli ile 10, 20, 30 g\u00fcnl\u00fck yasal nikah yapt\u0131rarak kal\u0131c\u0131 dostluklar kurmak da olanakl\u0131. Yeterki, yasalar\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnemeyin. Bayanlarda ba\u015f a\u00e7mak, alkol kullanmak, zina ve h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k su\u00e7 olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n; ba\u015fta s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fck olmak \u00fczere, rengarenk ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc makyajl\u0131 bak\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00fczel bayanlar, resmi ve \u00f6zel her t\u00fcr i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fyerlerinde namaz k\u0131lma zorunlulu\u011fu yok. \u0130steyen k\u0131l\u0131yor ya da k\u0131lm\u0131yor. \u0130ran\u2019da yabanc\u0131larla evlenmekte bir sak\u0131nca yok. Aksine, d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131lmak ve kayna\u015fmak i\u00e7in, bunun gerekli oldu\u011funu dile getiriyorlar. Zerd\u00fc\u015ft Ate\u015fgah\u0131\u2019na ya da Ermeni Manast\u0131r\u0131-Kilisesine de \u00f6zg\u00fcrce gidebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u015fkent Tahran\u2019\u0131n kuzeyinde bulunan teleferikli Derbent Vadisi- Deresi\u2019nde, g\u00fcn\u00fcn her saati, yavuklunuzla birlikte ba\u015f ba\u015fa geleneksel abdu\u015ft, \u00e7elo kebap, yezd, gez, sohan ve mika noga gibi \u0130ran yemeklerini yer; g\u0131rtlama \u00e7ay ve nargile fokurdatarak i\u00e7er ve felekten bir g\u00fcn \u00e7alabilmek, size t\u00fcm yorgunlu\u011funuzu unutturacakt\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Hatta, \u201cBenim g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn bebe\u011fi \/ senin yuvan olsun \/ l\u00fctfet de i\u00e7ine gir \/ bu ev senindir.\u201d<\/em> diyen, Sadi Haf\u0131z \u015eirazi\u2018nin s\u00f6zlerine uyup, sevdi\u011finin g\u00f6z evine giren a\u015f\u0131klara tan\u0131k olursunuz. Ya da, yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131zda oturan s\u00fcrmeli, iri kara g\u00f6zleri g\u00fclen makyajl\u0131, bak\u0131ml\u0131 ve mavi ba\u015f \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc e\u011freti duran, g\u00fczel K\u00fcrt k\u0131z\u0131 \u015eilan (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 da\u011f \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi) ve yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131 ni\u015fanl\u0131s\u0131 Soran (bir g\u00f6\u00e7ebe kavim ad\u0131)\u2019n\u0131n kumrular gibi kokla\u015farak \u015fiirle\u015ftiklerini ve sevi\u015ftiklerini g\u00f6zlemleyebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Sonra, Tahran\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p g\u00fcneye do\u011fru yol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, tarihin ba\u015fkenti \u0130sfahan\u2019la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yorsunuz. Sultanlar\u0131, \u015eahlar\u0131, Padi\u015fahlar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f \u0130sfahan. G\u00fcn g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olaylar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. Tarihin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6netimlerine ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015f. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender\u2019den, Sel\u00e7uklu Sultanlar\u0131\u2019na kadar nicelerini konuk etmi\u015f bir zengin mimari ve estetik kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u0130sfahan\u2019\u0131 mutlaka g\u00f6rmelisiniz\u2026 <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran: \u0130sfahan\u2019da, T\u00fcrkiye aleyhine propaganda kasetleri g\u00f6steren Ermeni M\u00fczesi\u2019nden; Zerd\u00fc\u015ftlere, 12 bin \u00f6k\u00fcz derisi \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kutsal AVESTA<\/strong> kitab\u0131na inanan ve \u201cDo\u011fru d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, g\u00fczel konu\u015f, iyi uygula\u201d felsefesini ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imi olarak alg\u0131layan ate\u015fperest Zerd\u00fc\u015ftler<\/em>e dek\u201d, pek \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcre ev sahipli\u011fi yap\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran\u2019da alt\u0131 eyaletten biri olan K\u00fcrdistan Eyaleti\u2019ndeki kendi dillerinde yay\u0131n yapan televizyon, radyo ve gazetelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131na olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere yol g\u00f6stermi\u015f. Ba\u015fkent Tahran\u2019da, Gandi Caddesi\u2019nde bulunan kuyumcular, hediyelik ve l\u00fcks t\u00fcketim ma\u011fazalar\u0131nda al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yapan ve son model otomobil ve jiplerle trafi\u011fi alt \u00fcst eden \u0130ran sosyeteleri; \u015eah R\u0131za Pehlevi\u2019nin d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131nda arta kalan Nievvaran Saray\u0131\u2019ndaki k\u00fclt\u00fcr kompleksini k\u0131skan\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu tarihinin be\u015fi\u011fi olan Isfahan\u2019da, sesin ve \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n dans etti\u011fi akostik mucizeler, Abbasi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ba\u015fka gizemini belgeliyor. \u0130sfahan, \u015eiraz\u2019a a\u00e7\u0131lan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr kap\u0131s\u0131. \u015eiirin ba\u015fkenti \u015eiraz; a\u015fk, \u015fiir ve gizemli ya\u015fam\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131. Sadi \u015eirazi\u2019nin, Haf\u0131z\u2019\u0131n vatan\u0131. \u201cBostan\u201d<\/em>\u0131n ye\u015ferdi\u011fi, \u201cG\u00fclistan<\/em>\u201d\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer. Sanki d\u00fcnyada ilk a\u015fk \u015eiraz\u2019da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, \u201cHaf\u0131z\u201d\u0131n \u015fiir dizelerinde. \u201cBostan\u201ddan bir demet al. \u201cG\u00fclistan\u201dda seyreyle. \u201cHaf\u0131z\u201dla hem dem ol. \u201cSadi\u201d ile sohbet eyle\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130ran \u015eiiri\u2019nin tarihi k\u00f6kler<\/strong>i: \u0130ran ya da Fars \u015fiirini \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6nemde ele almak gerekli: \u0130slamiyet \u00f6ncesi \u0130ran \u015fiiri: M\u00d6. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flar. Bu d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6zellikle Eski Fars ve Sasani edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kutsal kitab\u0131 AVESTA, \u0130ran Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ve \u00f6zel olarak da \u0130ran \u015eiiri\u2019nin en eski \u00f6rneklerinden say\u0131l\u0131r. Eski, Orta ve Yeni Fars\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0130ran \u015eiiri\u2019nin t\u00fcm\u00fc, asl\u0131nda \u0130slam \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 olarak iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde ele al\u0131nmal\u0131. \u0130slamiyet sonras\u0131 \u0130ran \u015fiiri ise, Sasani H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 3. Yezdegerd\u2019in 651\u2019de Araplara yenilmesiyle ba\u015flar. \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u0131n \u0130slamiyeti kabullenmesiyle daha da \u00f6nem kazan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu d\u00f6nemde, Pehlevi yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p, Arap harfleriyle yaz\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. Her alanda h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklere kar\u015f\u0131n, Zerd\u00fc\u015ftli\u011fin etkisiyle ate\u015fe tapan \u0130ranl\u0131lar, kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini, \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131, destanlar\u0131n\u0131, efsanelerini ve \u015fiirlerini ya\u015fatt\u0131lar. 200 y\u0131l s\u00fcren Arap istilas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, \u0130ranl\u0131lar ulusal dillerini korudular. B\u00f6ylece Fars\u00e7a, edebiyat\u0131n dili olarak kabul g\u00f6rd\u00fc ve ilk Fars\u00e7a \u015fiir s\u00f6yleyen dilbilgini Ebu H\u0131fs Sogdi (9.yy.) ve Abbas Merzevi\u2019dir (\u00d6.816). Mo\u011fol sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7an \u015fairlerin bir s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma merkezi olan \u0130ran topraklar\u0131, yak\u0131n do\u011funun da k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini korudu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eiirin ba\u015fkenti \u015eiraz, bu anlamda \u015fiirsel bak\u0131mdan, d\u00fcn\u00fc yar\u0131na ba\u011flama i\u015flevi g\u00f6rmektedir. \u00d6zellikle Gazneliler d\u00f6neminde, d\u00fcnya edebiyat\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunan \u00f6nemli \u015fairler yeti\u015fti. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u015fiir, bi\u00e7im ve i\u00e7erik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tam bir olgunlu\u011fa ula\u015ft\u0131ysa da, \u015fiir t\u00fcrlerinde \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik olmad\u0131. \u015eairler kaside, gazel, k\u0131ta, mesnevi ve rubai tarz\u0131nda yap\u0131tlar verdiler. Bu d\u00f6nemin yenili\u011fi ise, musammat tarz\u0131yd\u0131. Firdevsi ve Unsuri, d\u00f6nemin \u00f6rnek \u015fairlerindendir. Mavera\u00fcnnehir, Horasan, Kirman, Irak, Azerbaycan ve Anadolu\u2019da egemen olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Sel\u00e7uklular d\u00f6neminde, \u0130ran \u015fiiri en \u00fcst \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini verdi. \u015eair ve yazarlar\u0131 \u00f6zendiren Sultan ve Vezirler sayesinde, h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezleri \u015fairlarin topland\u0131klar\u0131 yerler durumuna geldi. B\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerde Nizamiye medreseleri kuruldu. Buralarda tasavvuf \u015fairleri yeti\u015fti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kom\u015fu devletlerden ka\u00e7an \u015fairleri de koruyan Sel\u00e7uklular d\u00f6neminde mesnevi, gazel, k\u0131ta, rubai, kaside ve hapsi yatlar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fairler yeti\u015fti. Baba Tahir ve \u015eirazi secili ve uyakl\u0131 d\u00fcz yaz\u0131n\u0131n (serbest vezin \u015fiirin) ilk temsilcisi, Abdullah Ensari (\u00f6.1088) bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu iki d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fta gelen \u015fairlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise \u015funlard\u0131r: Mevlana, \u00d6mer Hayyam, \u015eah \u0130smail, Sam Mirza, \u015eirazl\u0131 Sadi, Sultan Veled, Humam Tebrizi, \u015eebisteri, Kemalettin \u0130sfahani, \u0130mam R\u0131za, Ahmet Yesevi, Hac\u0131 Bekta\u015f Veli, Attar, Firdevsi, Fuzuli, Nizami, \u015eehriya, Ebu H\u0131fs Sogdi, Abbas Merzevi, Hanzala Badgisi, Mahmud Verrak Herevi, Ebu S\u00fcleyk C\u00fcrcani, Firuz Ma\u015fkuri, Muhammed bin Vas\u0131f, Ebu \u015eek\u00fcr Belhi, Rudeki, Munc\u0131k, Reynaki, Ebu Mansur, Ferruhi, Unsuri, Esedi, Senai, Baba Tahir, Abdullah Ensari, Naz\u0131r H\u00fcsrev, Azraki, Muizzi, Esedi, Vatvat, Hakani, Enveri, Feleki \u015eirvani, \u0130raki, Mecd Hemger, Hacu-yi Kirmani, Haf\u0131z, Kemal Hocendi, Necmettin Razi, Allaettin Keykubad, Baba Figani, Ali \u015eir Nevai, Ne\u015fat, Visal \u015eirazi ve Sad\u0131k bin Mehdi\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130ran \u015eiiri D\u00f6nemi, asl\u0131nda; 1906\u2019da me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131 ile ba\u015flar. Bu d\u00f6nemde, \u0130ranl\u0131 \u015fairlerin bir \u00e7o\u011fu Avrupal\u0131 \u015fairlerin etkisinde kalarak, onlar\u0131n tarz\u0131nda \u015fiirler yazd\u0131lar. E\u015fitlik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, vatanseverlik ve devrimcilik, \u015fiirde en \u00e7ok i\u015flenen konular oldu. Genellikle halk\u0131n gereksinimine ve be\u011fenisine uygun olmayan, belli bir s\u0131n\u0131fa y\u00f6nelik eski \u015fiirler b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131. Halk\u0131n anlayaca\u011f\u0131 bir dille, toplumsal i\u00e7erikli \u015fiirler yaz\u0131ld\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Yeni ve uygar tarzda edebiyat okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bat\u0131dan ve d\u00fcnya klasiklerinden \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fiir kitaplar\u0131 \u00e7evrildi. Baz\u0131 \u015fairler aruz vezniyle \u015fiir yazmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, bir\u00e7ok \u015fair serbest \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcy\u00fc kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130ran \u015eiiri\u2019nin do\u011fu\u015funda T\u00fcrk \u015eiiri\u2019nin b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde yeti\u015fen \u0130ran \u015fairlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu, Avrupa ile ili\u015fkilerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, ilk konak yeri durumundaki \u0130stanbul\u2019da uzun s\u00fcre kalm\u0131\u015flar. Hatta burada, bir\u00e7ok edebiyat dergisi yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Burada T\u00fcrk \u015eiiri\u2019nden esinlenmi\u015fler ve bu d\u00f6nemde; Fars\u00e7a \u015fiir, hem bi\u00e7im, hem de i\u00e7erik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aruz, yava\u015f yava\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rken, \u015fiirin konusunu da toplumsal olaylar olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fta gelen \u015fairleri ise \u015funlard\u0131r: Ummid, \u0130rec Mirza, Muhammed Taki, Bahar, Pervin \u0130tisami, Hanleri, Furug Ferruhzad ve Nima Yusic ise; 20. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki belli ba\u015fl\u0131 temsilcilerindendir. \u00d6te yandan, Nima Yusi\u00e7 ad\u0131 ile \u00fcn yapan Ali \u0130sfandiyari (1897-1953), \u015fiirde \u201cyeni dalga\u201d<\/em> ad\u0131 ile bir \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7t\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eiirle ilgili ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ve bi\u00e7imsel nitelikteki t\u00fcm kurallar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, \u015fairin i\u00e7ine do\u011fdu\u011fu, akl\u0131na geldi\u011fi gibi yazmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Ali \u0130sfandiyari\u2019nin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ak\u0131m\u0131 Tevell\u00fcli, Nadirpur, \u015eamlu, Ahavan-\u0131 Salis ve Ferruhzade gibi \u015fairler geli\u015ftirdiler. Bu gelene\u011fin takip\u00e7isi ve \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130ran \u015eiiri\u2019nin ustalar\u0131ndan olan \u015eiraz \u015eairler Derne\u011fi ikinci ba\u015fkan\u0131 Sedra Zulriasetin <\/em><\/strong>ise, \u0130ran\u2019da \u00e7ok okunan ASIR Gazetesi\u2019nin \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr-sanat\u201d <\/em>sayfas\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan, esin kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fi T\u00fcrk \u015eairi Naz\u0131m Hikmet <\/em>i\u00e7in \u00f6vg\u00fc dolu yaz\u0131lar ve se\u00e7ki \u015fiirlerle, T\u00fcrk-\u0130ran dostlu\u011funa ve b\u00f6lgede esen bar\u0131\u015f r\u00fczgar\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunman\u0131n doyumuna ula\u015f\u0131yor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eair dostum Sedra Zulriasetin; modern \u015fiir yazan, d\u00fcnya g\u00fczeli ikiz k\u0131z torunu ile \u00f6v\u00fcnen, Naz\u0131m Hikmet ve Orhan Veli hayran\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen \u015fair Zulriasetin, \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f T\u00fcrk \u015eairleri\u201d i<\/em>le tan\u0131\u015fmak istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Fars\u00e7aya \u00e7evrilmi\u015f \u201c\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f \u0130ran \u015eiir Antolojisi\u201d kitab\u0131 ise, \u00e7ok okunan kitaplar aras\u0131nda bulunuyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6te yandan; T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilen ve Cem Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131\u015fa sunulan \u201cK\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kara Bal\u0131k\u201d<\/em><\/strong> ve \u201cBir \u015eeftali Bin \u015eeftali\u201d <\/em><\/strong>isimli \u00e7ocuk masallar\u0131 kitaplar\u0131yla tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, \u015eah rejimine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclerek ve cesedi Aras Nehri\u2019ne at\u0131lan \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Samed Behrengi<\/strong>\u2019nin kitaplar\u0131 ise, unutulmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f. Baz\u0131 \u0130ranl\u0131 ele\u015ftirmenler, \u201cBehrengi modas\u0131 ge\u00e7ti(!)\u201d <\/em>diyorlar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6te yandan, bir yoksul dervi\u015f gibi ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan ve uzun y\u0131llar Bursa ve Paris\u2019ye ya\u015fay\u0131p; \u0130ran T\u00fcdehli Sosyalistler ile ortakla\u015fa \u015eah\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 devrim hareketinin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7eken ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan, \u015fair Khomeini\u2019<\/strong>nin dizeleri, her ya\u015ftan \u0130ranl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n dilinden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fcyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eiirin ba\u015fkenti kabul edilen \u015eiraz\u2019da, her y\u0131l geleneksel olarak d\u00fczenlenen \u201cUlusal ve Uluslar aras\u0131 Sadi \u015eirazi \u015eiir Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131\u201d,<\/em> t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u015fairlerini birle\u015ftiriyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eirazl\u0131 Sadi\u2019den \u00f6zl\u00fc s\u00f6zler:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n – Bir \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fe fazla su verirsen \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcr, insana gere\u011finden fazla de\u011fer verirsen kudurur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Salih adam dilenirse ancak kendi nefsinden dilenir ve ondan h\u0131rs\u0131 terk etmesini ister \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc her saat \u201cver\u201d diyen bir nefis, sahibini zillet i\u00e7inde k\u00f6y k\u00f6y dola\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0646<\/a> (yard\u0131m<\/a>\u00b7bilgi<\/a>); [esf\u00e6\u02c8\u0266\u0254\u02d0n]<\/a>), \u0130ran<\/a>‘da \u0130sfahan Eyaleti<\/a>‘nin y\u00f6netim merkezi olan \u015fehir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehridir. Bu \u015fehir Safavi<\/a> d\u00f6neminde ba\u015fkent<\/a> idi, bu nedenle s\u00f6z konusu \u015fehirde \u00e7ok say\u0131da tarihi eser bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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